基于故障树分析的联络通道冻结法

施工风险控制研究

左 敏

摘 要

近年来城市的发展越来越快，为了改善人们的交通出行，地下轨道工程是未来发展的趋势，但是地下工程如果地层比较复杂，则不能采用传统开挖方式处理，而人工冻结法却可以得到有效应用。由于自身带有明显的工期短、污染程度低、适应范围较大等特征，人工冻结法已经在盾构联络通道施工体系内占据重要影响地位。尤其在矿井施工阶段内，冻结地下土层形成冻土帷幕开挖施工，人工冻结法的应用优势相对十分明显，而且无论是地下埋深还是周边环境，都与其他矿井存在本质性差异，包括联络通道冻结法施工过程中发生工程事故的案例数量相对较多。如何维护联络通道施工安全已经成为主体关注对象，而且必须采取有效措施，将项目施工对周边环境的影响控制在最低范围内。

该论题研究过程中，首先对联络通道冻结法施工流程进行相应阐述；而后依此为核心，总结故障树相关理论知识，并对联络通道冻结法施工过程中存在的不同风险因素进行深入探究，及时发现联络通道冻结法施工阶段内，在冻土帷幕质量以及涌水涌砂方面存在的风险因素，并使其得到妥善处理。

然后，本论文对联络通道冻结法在各个施工阶段所存在的安全风险进行全面排序后，尝试从周边环境等角度入手，制定完善的施工应急预案，这样才能够达到最佳的施工风险控制效果。同时拟为联络通道施工安全保驾护航。

最后，该论题研究过程中，以理论研究为核心，将某地铁联络通道冻结法施工作为主体研究对象，并对联络通道冻结法施工过程中的风险控制要点进行了详细的论述。其中有冻结法各个施工阶段中监测数据的变化情况、施工事故应急措施等。最后，总结出联络通道冻结法各阶段施工所存在的风险隐患，有针对性的提出控制措施。

关键词：联络通道 冻结法 故障树 涌水涌砂 风险控制

Abstract

In recent years, the development of cities is more and more rapid. In order to improve people's transportation, underground track engineering is the trend of future development. However, if the stratum of underground engineering is complex, it can not be treated by traditional excavation method, and the artificial freezing method can be effectively applied. Because of its obvious characteristics such as short construction period, low pollution level and wide adaptability, artificial freezing method has played an important role in the construction system of shield connecting passage. Especially in the mine construction stage, the application advantages of artificial freezing method are relatively obvious in the construction of frozen soil curtain corresponding to frozen underground soil layer, and there are essential differences with other mines in both the depth of underground burial and the surrounding environment, including the relatively large number of engineering accidents occurring in the construction process of freezing method of connecting passage. How to maintain the construction safety of liaison passage has become the main concern, and effective measures must be taken to minimize the impact of project construction on the surrounding environment.

In the process of research on this topic, firstly, the construction process of freezing method for liaison passage is elaborated accordingly; secondly, based on this, the relevant knowledge of fault tree theory is summarized, and the different risk factors existing in the construction process of freezing method for liaison passage are thoroughly explored, and the wind in frozen soil curtain quality and water gushing and sand gushing during the construction stage of freezing method for liaison passage is found in time. Risk factors should be properly handled.

Then, after sorting the safety risks of the freezing method in each construction stage, this paper tries to formulate a perfect construction emergency plan from the perspective of the surrounding environment, so as to achieve the best construction risk control effect. At the same time, it is planned to provide safe escort for the construction of the liaison passage.

Finally, in the research process of this topic, taking theoretical research as the core, the freezing method construction of a metro connecting passage as the main research object, and the key points of risk control in the freezing method construction of connecting passage are discussed in detail. Among them are the changes of monitoring data in each construction stage of freezing method and emergency measures for construction accidents. Finally, the paper summarizes the hidden dangers existing in each stage of the construction of the freezing method of the contact passage, and puts forward the control measures.

Keywords: Contact channel  Freezing method  Fault tree analysis  Water gushing and sand gushing  Risk control