基于精益理论的装配式建筑

成本管理研究

周烨雯

摘 要

改革开放以来，我国的城镇化率不断提高，给建筑业的发展创造了机会。建筑业在快速发展的同时，也存在环境污染、资源浪费等问题，建造方式面临改革。装配式建筑具有节能、环保、可持续发展的特点，是建筑业由粗放型转为可持续型的道路。但是，装配式建筑在发展的过程中面临着很多阻碍，其中成本高是阻碍装配式建筑发展最直接的因素。现阶段的装配式建筑成本研究主要集中于与传统建筑成本的对比，忽略了装配式建筑本身的特点。因此，本文引入精益理论，从价值流的角度对装配式建筑成本进行分析具有重要意义。

本文首先论述了装配式建筑发展过程中的阻碍，总结了装配式建筑成本管理的研究。接着概括了装配式建筑的发展历程，阐释了装配式建筑的概念，分析了装配式建筑未来的发展方向并论述了装配式建筑成本的构成及其影响因素。然后运用精益管理的思想，采用精益价值管理中价值流图的研究方法，对装配式建筑设计、生产、运输和安装全流程进行了价值流分析，优化了装配式建筑的价值流。最后采用依赖结构矩阵对装配式建筑活动中的信息流进行描述，经过聚类计算，将装配建筑活动合并成“块”，提出加强信息集成来解决装配式建筑成本问题。

通过上述研究，识别了装配式建筑建造过程的浪费，对过程的优化提出了建议。分析了建造过程中各环节的信息流动，提出通过信息集成加强装配式建筑成本管理，为将来装配式建筑成本研究提供了借鉴意义。

关键词：装配式建筑 成本管理 精益价值管理  价值流图  依赖结构矩阵

Abstract

Since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization rate has been continuously improved, creating opportunities for the development of the construction industry. While the construction industry is developing rapidly, there are also problems such as environmental pollution and waste of resources, and the construction method is facing reform. The prefabricated building is characterized by energy saving, environmental protection and sustainable development, and it is the road from the extensive type to the sustainable type of construction industry. However, the prefabricated building faces many obstacles in the development process, and the high cost is the most direct factor hindering the development of the prefabricated building. The current research on fabricated building cost is mainly focused on the comparison with traditional building costs, ignoring the characteristics of the prefabricated building itself. Therefore, this paper introduces lean theory and analyzes the cost of fabricated buildings from the perspective of value stream.

This paper first discusses the obstacles in the development of fabricated buildings and summarizes the research on the cost management of fabricated buildings. Then it summarizes the development history of the prefabricated building, explains the concept of the prefabricated building, analyzes the future development direction of the prefabricated building and discusses the composition of the prefabricated building cost and its influencing factors. Then, using the idea of lean management, using the value stream map research method in lean value management, the value flow analysis of the whole process of assembly building design, production, transportation and installation is carried out, and the value flow of the prefabricated building is optimized. Finally, the dependency structure matrix is used to describe the information flow in the prefabricated building activity. After clustering calculation, the assembly construction activities are merged into “blocks”, and the information integration is proposed to solve the problem of assembly construction cost.

Through the above research, the waste of the prefabricated building construction process was identified, and suggestions for the optimization of the process were made. The information flow of each link in the construction process is analyzed, and the cost management of assembly building is strengthened through information integration, which provides reference for future research on assembly cost.

Keywords: Prefabricated Building Cost Management Lean Value Management Value Flow Graph  Dependent Structure Matrix