基于BIM的工程现场项目管理

组织研究

章 霄

摘 要

建筑工程项目具有规模大、投资高、技术复杂、工程信息的更新快及组织之间的协同难等特点。如何提高工程管理效率是当今我国建筑业面临的主要问题。影响该效率的主要因素有两种，一种是管理技术上的革新如BIM，另一种则是工程现场项目管理组织。

在工程现场项目管理领域，越来越多的工程现场项目采用BIM技术，因而本文研究的基本方向在于应用BIM的现场管理组织的研究和基于BIM的工程现场项目管理组织中各参与方之间的关系分析，得到的结论可以为工程现场项目管理效率的提高提供建议和参考。本文首先通过文献和实际经验论证了BIM技术的应用是可以提高工程现场项目管理效率的。接着，文章采用信息传播效率的数学模型对传统的管理组织模式进行比较和实例论证，得到的结论为矩阵型管理组织模式比较适用于应用BIM的现场管理组织，可以提高工程现场项目管理效率。进而，本文采用社会网络分析法结合实例通过密度、聚类分析、多重中心性分析、结构洞分析等手段，对于基于BIM的现场项目管理组织中的各个参与方之间的关系以及各种员工的关系进行分析和说明。得到的结论为，要在施工过程中着重监督核心参与方（如业主方、施工方等）或员工、在组织中活动最为自由且社会等级最高的参与方或员工，加强边缘参与方或员工和核心参与方或员工之间的关系，重点对于在组织中受限制较大的员工进行管理上的激励和敦促，使得施工过程顺利进行，以便提高基于BIM的工程现场项目管理组织的管理效率。

本文的研究为基于BIM的工程现场项目管理效率的核算提供支持，用定量分析和定性分析相结合的方法为提高工程项目管理效率以及为BIM在我国的进一步推广和应用提供相关的建议。

关键词：BIM 现场管理组织 社会网络分析法 信息传播效率 定量分析

Abstract

The characteristics of construction projects are large scale, high investment, complicated technology, fast update of engineering information and difficulty in coordination between organizations. It is the main problem facing China's construction industry to improve engineering management efficiency today. There are two main factors affecting this efficiency. One is management technology innovation such as BIM, and the other is field management organization.

Today, BIM technology is being adopted by more and more engineering field projects. Therefore, the purpose of the thesis are research on the field management organization applying BIM and analysis of the relationship between the various parties in the management organization. The conclusions obtained by the thesis can provide suggestions and references for the improvement of field management efficiency. This thesis first demonstrates through the literature and practical experience that the application of BIM technology can improve the efficiency of project management . Then, the mathematical model of information dissemination efficiency is applied to compare and demonstrate the traditional management organization model. The conclusion is that the matrix management organization model is more suitable for the field management organization applying BIM, which can improve the efficiency of project management. Furthermore, social network analysis method is combined with examples to be analyzed the relationship between various participants in the BIM project organization and the relationship among various employees through density, cluster analysis, central analysis, and structural hole analysis. Analysis and explanation, the conclusion is that the core participants (such as the part of construction, etc.) or core employees, the most free and socially-relevant participants or employees in the organization, and the marginal participants or the relationship between employees and core participants or employees focuses on the management incentives and urging of employees who are restricted in the organization, so that the construction process goes smoothly in order to improve the management efficiency of field management organizations based on BIM.

The research in this thesis provides support for engineering project management efficiency accounting based on BIM. The combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis provides suggestions for improving project management efficiency and further promotion and application of BIM in China.

Keywords: BIM  Field Management Organization  Social Network Analysis Information Dissemination Efficiency Quantitative Analysis