地铁土建工程质量检验批数据机制研究

丁肖

摘 要

近些年，我国基础设施建设的规模日益增长，复杂程度不断提高。在这其中，城市发展空间有限而导致的交通拥堵问题，使得我国主要城市均建设或规划了地铁网络，这些地铁工程也成为了我国基础设施建设大潮的重要组成部分。然而，地铁工程建设中的存在大量隐蔽工程，其施工过程的质量管理有一定难度，目前仍然存在许多问题，如：没有合理运用质量目标进行动态管理、过程控制中没有具体落实到每一个工序、质量管理制度建设不完善等等。本文针对以上问题，从地铁土建工程质量管控的检验批数据入手，开展了一系列研究工作。

首先，本文基于流程管理理论，构建地铁土建工程流程化质量管理体系。该体系以PDCA循环理论为基础，使整个质量管理过程在不断循环中，以动态联盟的思想组织参建各方，建立利益一致的质量目标，指导工程质量的流程管理；质量控制结果将反馈给组织联盟，专家对质量目标进行调整，给出质量问题解决对策。

其次，针对地铁土建工程，本文对其质量检验批数据特征进行系统分析。将每张检验批质量验收记录表的数据分为：空间特征、时间特征、其他特征（表格编号、管理专题、验收标准、检查项目、验收结论），制定检验批数据编码规则。在这些基础上，对检验批数据的处理流程进行研究，提出建立相应的流程模块，即：签认模块、存储模块、评价模块、反馈模块等。签认模块，确保检验批数据的准确性、及时性、完整性；存储模块，将检验批质量验收记录表以构件树的方式存储，保证质量问题的可追溯性；评价模块，运用过程能力指数，对过程能力与标准技术要求的一致程度作出评价，找出过程能力较弱的检验指标；反馈模块，针对过程能力较弱的检验指标，进行优化分析，并给出优化后的抽样方案。

最后，以地铁工程某车站主体结构土建工程为案例，应用这些流程模块的设计思想，设计构建地铁土建工程施工质量现场管理系统，通过案例研究，初步验证本文研究成果的应用价值。

关键词：地铁工程  流程管理  检验批数据   过程能力指数  检验批总量 施工质量水平

Abstract

In recent years, the scale of infrastructure construction in China has been increasing and the complexity has been continuously improved. Among them, the problem of traffic congestion caused by limited urban development space has led to the construction of metro networks in major cities in China. These subway projects have also become an important part of the tide of infrastructure construction in China. However, there are a large number of concealed projects in the construction of subway projects. The quality management of the construction process is difficult. There are still many problems, such as: unrational use of quality objectives for dynamic management, unspecific implementation of process control in each process, and the quality management system is not perfect. In view of the above problems, this paper starts with a series of research work from the inspection batch data of metro civil engineering quality control.

Firstly, based on the process management theory, this paper constructs a streamlined quality management system for metro civil engineering. The system is based on the PDCA cycle theory, so that the entire quality management process is continuously circulating, and the parties involved in the dynamic alliance are organized to establish the quality objectives with the same interests and guide the process management of the project quality; the quality control results will be fed back to Organize alliances, experts adjust the quality objectives, and give solutions to quality problems.

Secondly, for the civil engineering of subway, this paper systematically analyzes the data characteristics of its quality inspection batch. The data of each inspection batch quality acceptance record table is divided into: spatial characteristics, time characteristics, and other characteristics (table number, management topics, acceptance criteria, inspection items, acceptance conclusions); and the inspection batch data coding rules are formulated. On the basis of these, the processing flow of the inspection batch data is studied, and the corresponding process modules are established: the signing module, the storage module, the evaluation module, the feedback module. The identification module ensures the accuracy, timeliness and completeness of the inspection batch data; the storage module stores the inspection batch quality acceptance record table in the component tree to ensure the traceability of quality problems; the evaluation module: the process capability index evaluates the consistency of process capability and standard technical requirements, and identifies test indicators with weak process capability. The feedback module optimizes the test indicators with weak process capability and gives an optimized sampling plan.

Finally, taking the civil engineering of the main structure of a station in the subway project as an example, applying the design ideas of these process modules, the construction site quality management system of subway civil engineering is designed and constructed. Through the case study, the application value of the research results is preliminarily verified.

Keywords: Metro Process management Inspection lot data Process capability index Total of inspection lot Quality level of construction