某高层建筑群塔吊装作业的安全风险监控研究
封晓雷
摘 要
塔式起重机在高层建筑施工阶段是最核心的施工机械。近年来由于高层建设项目越来越多，塔吊应用也越来越频繁。高层建筑项目使用的塔式起重机设备有其自身的特点，比如使用时间久，安全性能较低，使用环境复杂等。所以，在其施工过程中存在很多安全隐患，事故发生率也比很高。在国内，保障塔吊运行安全的法律法规还不多，仍需要不断完善。因此，对建筑项目群塔运行的安全隐患和控制措施有待进一步探索和研究。本课题主要是研究高层建筑群塔吊装作业的安全风险监控，文章首先分析了课题的研究背景以及研究现状和文献综述，然后分析了工程项目群塔吊装安全风险因素，在此基础上进行了高层建筑塔吊在线安全监控系统的研究设计。最后通过案例分析的形式介绍了塔吊安全风险监控系统的应用情况，并通过分析系统内数据库信息，总结出现场作业存在的问题，并提出控制措施。
该系统能够实现塔吊工作人员和各方作业人员的实时通讯，系统是以TI单片机MSP430为核心处理芯片，并集塔吊运行状态采集的传感器、LCD显示、数据存储、数据的无线传输、报警预警系统以及操作人员身份验证为一体的风险监控系统。系统针对塔吊运行时水平位移、垂直位移、吊重及力距、转角度数、倾斜角度及现场风速等参数，通过传感器实现参数数据的采集、显示及保存，同时通过Zigbee无线传导装置完成塔机的信息沟通和确定参数，然后通过GSM/GPRS网络，将其导入控制中心，完成信息在线处理及分析。针对超过一定限度或荷载等不安全的使用，还可以通过语音发出报警信号，专门配置了指纹收集元件，使得调控更加高效。该塔吊风险监控系统可以实现对塔吊的全方位安全监控，能够在很大程度上提高高层建筑塔吊风险监控系统的安全性和可靠性。
关键词：高层建筑；群塔；风险监控；Zigbee无线传输模块
Abstract
Tower crane is an indispensable machine in high-rise building engineering. With the increasing popularity of high-rise buildings, tower cranes are used more and more frequently. High-rise building engineering itself has the characteristics of time-consuming, high-risk, strict technical requirements, many hidden factors and so on. There are many dangerous factors in the use of tower crane in engineering, accidents often occur in high-rise building engineering, and the laws and regulations on tower crane operation in China are not perfect, so the research on the risk factors and control methods of tower crane operation in building engineering has very important practical significance. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the safety risk monitoring of tower hoisting operation of high-rise buildings, Firstly, this paper analyzes the research background, the research status and literature review of the subject, and then analyzes the risk monitoring of multi-tower lifting and the research and design of on-line safety monitoring system of tower crane in high-rise building, Finally, the paper proves that the high-rise building tower crane safety risk monitoring system designed in this paper is a method to help the high-rise building tower crane construction to carry out safety risk monitoring to a large extent.
The system can realize the real-time contact and risk monitoring between the high-rise tower crane staff and all parties, The system is based on TI MCU MSP430 as the core processing chip, and integrates the sensor, LCD display, data storage, wireless transmission of data, alarm and early warning system and operator identity verification as one of the risk monitoring system. As for that horizontal displacement of the tow crane in operation, Vertical displacement, hoisting load and force distance, rotation angle number, tilt angle and field wind speed and other parameters are collected, displayed and saved by sensors, and data exchange and parameter configuration between tower cranes are realized by using Zigbee wireless transmission module. At the same time, GPRS wireless transmission network and upload management center are used to realize data processing and analysis online. For unsafe use such as overload and overload, the voice warning and alarm function are provided, and the establishment of fingerprint collection elements can be more efficient regulation.. The tower crane risk monitoring system can realize the omni-directional safety monitoring of tower crane, can greatly improve the safety and reliability of the tower crane risk monitoring system of high-rise buildings, so as to ensure the construction risk monitoring work of tower crane of high-rise buildings in China.
Key Words: High-rise Building ;Multiple Tower Crane;Risk Monitoring;Zigbee Wireless Transmission Module
国家数字建造技术
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