摘要

近年来，BIM技术的应用热潮在全球范围内展开。目前，建筑领域内大多数案例是将BIM技术应用于成本分析，进度管理，施工模拟，风险预警等方面，而在建筑设计审查方面鲜有应用。当前，建筑设计审查仍然依赖于人工处理，工作中包含大量重复内容，效率低下，通过引入BIM技术，发挥计算机处理重复内容方面的优势，能够大幅提高图纸审查效率。BIM模型中描述了图纸审查所需的语义、定位、几何信息，利用IFC格式BIM模型还可满足多专业设计成果互用的需求，从中提取所需数据，为基于BIM的图纸审查提供了一种高效、可靠的方法。

本文以基于BIM的图纸审查为目标，研究基于IFC格式BIM模型的审查信息数据提取方法。主要研究工作如下：

（1）本文结合IFC规范内容，从语义、定位、几何、构件间关联4方面入手，对IFC物理文件中的信息表达方式进行了总结归纳，为后文属性提取方法的设计奠定了基础。

（2）本文选取了16册现行的建筑设计规范，基于这些规范，利用自然语言结构化分词技术，找到的面向基于BIM的图纸审查的模型属性，通过构建属性、属性值约束、规范三者之间的关联关系，得到了面向基于BIM的图纸审查的模型精细度要求，为后文审查模型精细度效验提供了依据。

（3）本文设计了审查模型的精度效验流程，并提出了针对精细度不满足要求情况下的模型审查属性补全方案，通过此步骤可确保审查模型精细度满足要求，为后文审查属性提取提供前提条件。

（4）本文对需要提取的审查属性进行了分类，在此基础上针对每一类审查属性分别设计了属性提取的方法。并将研究成果运用到了基于BIM的图纸审查原型系统中，通过测试验证了本文提出的审查属性提取方法的可行性和正确性。

关键词：数据抽取 IFC模型 BIM技术模型精细度图纸审查

Abstract

In recent years, the applying boom of BIM technology has been launched on a global scale. At present, in the construction field most cases use BIM technology in cost analysis, schedule management, construction simulation, risk warning, etc., but in the architectural design checking aspect, BIM technology is rarely applied. Now the architectural design checking currently relies on manual processing. The workload contains a lot of duplicate content that leads to inefficiency. With the introduction of BIM technology, the advantages of computer processing of duplicate content, which can greatly improve the efficiency of design checking. The BIM model describes the semantics, positioning and geometric information required for design checking. The IFC format BIM model can not only meet the needs of multi-professional design results interoperability, but also extract the required data, so as to provide a kind of efficient and reliable method for the BIM-based design checking.

This thesis takes BIM-based design checking as the goal, and studies the data extraction method of checking information based on IFC format BIM model. The main research work is as follows:

（1）This thesis combines the content of IFC specification, starting from the aspects of semantics, positioning, geometry and inter-component association, and summarizes the information expression in IFC physical files, which lays a foundation for the design of the attribute extraction method.

（2）This thesis selects 16 current architectural design specifications. Based on these specifications, Natural Language Processing techniques are used to find model attributes of BIM-based architectural design checking. Through the relationship between construction attributes, attribute value constraints and standardization, the model fineness requirements of BIM-based architectural design checking are obtained, which provides a basis for reviewing the model's fineness test.

（3）This thesis designs the model's fineness testing process, and proposes a model review attribute completion plan for the case where the fineness does not meet the requirements. This step can ensure that the audit model fineness meets the requirements, and provides preconditions for the review of attribute extraction.

（4）In this thesis, the review attributes that need to be extracted are classified. On this basis, the method of attribute extraction is designed for each type of checking attribute. The research results are applied to the BIM-based architectural design checking prototype system. The feasibility and correctness of the proposed review attribute extraction method are verified by tests.

Keywords: Data extraction IFC model BIM technology Model fineness

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硕士论文

基于BIM的图纸审查信息提取方法研究

摘 要

Abstract

摘要