Electromagnetic Compatibility in Power Electronics

[BOOK DESCRIPTION]

Scientists largely attribute the recent deterioration of the electromagnetic environment to power electronics. This realization has spurred the study of methodical approaches to electromagnetic compatibility designs as explored in this text. The book addresses major challenges, such as handling numerous parameters vital to predicting electro magnetic effects and achieving compliance with line-harmonics norms, while proposing potential solutions.

[TABLE OF CONTENTS]

Chapter 1 Phenomena of Perturbation in         1  (74)
    Electrical Systems
      1.1 Electromagnetic perturbations in         1  (5)
      energy systems
        1.1.1 Introduction                         1  (5)
      1.2 Power grid harmonics                     6  (23)
        1.2.1 Presentation                         6  (2)
        1.2.2 Characterization of the quality      8  (2)
        of electrical energy
        1.2.3 Relevant standards for harmonic      10 (1)
        emissions
        1.2.4 Classification of appliances         11 (1)
        1.2.5 The limits of harmonic currents      12 (3)
        1.2.6 Examples of observations of          15 (1)
        harmonic currents
        1.2.7 Fluorescent lighting scenario        16 (4)
        1.2.8 Practical scenario of the            20 (4)
        improvement of the total harmonic
        distortion generated by a
        variable-frequency drive
        1.2.9 Converter with sinusoidal            24 (5)
        absorption
      1.3 Common-mode and differential-mode        29 (15)
      conducted perturbations
        1.3.1 Common mode and differential mode    30 (11)
        1.3.2 Crosstalk                            41 (3)
      1.4 Measuring electromagnetic                44 (28)
      perturbations
        1.4.1 The line impedance stabilization     44 (2)
        network
        1.4.2 Current sensors                      46 (7)
        1.4.3 Antennae                             53 (12)
        1.4.4 Spectrum analyzer                    65 (7)
      1.5 The standards                            72 (1)
      1.6 Bibliography                             73 (2)
    Chapter 2 Fundamental Principles               75 (68)
      2.1 Sources of noise: the switching cell     75 (2)
      and its control
        2.1.1 Origin of conducted and radiated     76 (1)
        perturbations in static converters
      2.2 Modeling                                 77 (9)
        2.2.1 Simple model of the switching cell   77 (5)
        2.2.2 More complex model of the            82 (4)
        switching cell
      2.3 Characterization of coupling             86 (17)
      functions and parasitic elements
        2.3.1 Passive components and               86 (3)
        differential-mode effects
        2.3.2 Invisible parasitic elements and     89 (2)
        common-mode effects
        2.3.3 Parasitic effects contributing to    91 (12)
        undesirable couplings
      2.4 Electromagnetic compatibility study      103(11)
      of a practical scenario: the Buck chopper
        2.4.1 Description of the case study        104(5)
        2.4.2 Influence of the design              109(2)
        parameters of the converter
        2.4.3 Influence of technological           111(1)
        parameters and control
        2.4.4 Other sources of switching noise     112(1)
        2.4.5 Other switching modes: soft          113(1)
        switching, advantages and constraints
      2.5 EMC study of an insulated DC-DC fly      114(13)
      back power supply
        2.5.1 Description of the device            114(3)
        2.5.2 Creation of the circuit model        117(4)
        2.5.3 Analysis of switchings in the        121(2)
        structure
        2.5.4 Electric simulation of the           123(4)
        complete structure
      2.6 Corrected exercise number 1:             127(3)
      conducted perturbations of a step-up
      chopper
      2.7 Answers with comments                    130(11)
      2.8 Bibliography                             141(2)
    Chapter 3 EMC of Complex Electrical Energy     143(64)
    Conversion Systems: Electromagnetic
    Actuators
      3.1 How to define a complex system?          143(2)
      3.2 Qualitative study                        145(7)
        3.2.1 Description of the conversion        145(2)
        chain
        3.2.2 Reminder of the standards            147(2)
        3.2.3 Propagation methods                  149(3)
      3.3 Modeling in frequency domain             152(21)
        3.3.1 Linearization of the switching       152(5)
        cell
        3.3.2 Modeling of the perturbation         157(16)
        sources
      3.4 Frequency-based representation of an     173(6)
      inverter
        3.4.1 Equivalent common-mode source -      173(3)
        simplified diagram
        3.4.2 Differential-mode influence          176(2)
        3.4.3 Proposed frequency-based diagram     178(1)
      3.5 Modeling of the cables and motors        179(17)
        3.5.1 Estimation of the primary            179(6)
        parameters of the power cables
        3.5.2 High-frequency model of an           185(11)
        asynchronous machine
      3.6 Connection of the cable and the motor    196(2)
        3.6.1 Total impedance read by the          196(1)
        variable-speed drive
        3.6.2 Measuring the total common-mode      197(1)
        impedance
      3.7 Results                                  198(3)
        3.7.1 Time-based simulation and            198(2)
        frequency-based simulation
        3.7.2 Measurement versus simulation        200(1)
      3.8 Passing from the time domain to the      201(3)
      frequency domain: circuit simulations
      3.9 Conclusion                               204(1)
      3.10 Bibliography                            205(2)
    Chapter 4 Concrete Study of Solutions for      207(72)
    the Reduction of Electromagnetic
    Perturbations
      4.1 Concrete study of solutions for the      207(5)
      reduction of electromagnetic perturbations
        4.1.1 Introduction                         207(5)
      4.2 Filtering conducted emissions:           212(9)
      analysis and conceptual design of
      common-mode filters
        4.2.1 Introduction                         212(2)
        4.2.2 Description of a common-mode         214(7)
        filter
      4.3 Case study: determining a common-mode    221(9)
      filter for a variable-speed drive
        4.3.1 Equivalent model of the drive        221(2)
        4.3.2 Filter simulated using perfect       223(3)
        components
        4.3.3 Effect of the parasitic elements     226(4)
        of components
      4.4 Design and optimization components       230(9)
        4.4.1 Study of capacitors                  230(2)
        4.4.2 Study of the common-mode toric       232(5)
        inductance
        4.4.3 Results                              237(2)
      4.5 Conclusion                               239(9)
        4.5.1 Corrected exercise: filtering the    239(9)
        conducted perturbations of a step-up
        chopper
      4.6 Shielding                                248(27)
        4.6.1 Introduction                         248(1)
        4.6.2 Breakdown of shielding effects       249(3)
        4.6.3 Materials                            252(5)
        4.6.4 Wave impedance                       257(7)
        4.6.5 Expression of attenuations           264(5)
        4.6.6 Global attenuation: case study       269(4)
        4.6.7 Shielding issues for magnetic        273(2)
        fields in low frequency
      4.7 Conclusion                               275(1)
      4.8 Bibliography                             276(3)
Index                                              279