摘 要
质量技术监督部门作为维护市场经济平稳运行，推动产业升级，加速经济发展方式转变，发挥着不可替代的作用。近几年来，由于我国市场经济发展处于过渡阶段，产业升级改造不断深入和拓展，“中国制造”逐渐走向世界，但这个过程并不是一帆风顺，我国的产品质量整体得到了提升，现在虽然区域性产品质量缺陷明显减少，但产品质量的不稳定现象时有发生，特别是在食品安全方面，苏丹红、孔雀石绿、吊白块、三聚氰胺、瘦肉精等等不断在我们的食品中出现，引起了党和政府的高度重视，食品生产企业的诚信不断被社会各界拷问，作为对生产企业产品质量监管的质量技术监督部门，也被推上了风口浪尖。在现有的行政体制下，对于质量技术监督行政执法问题进行了探讨和分析，以促进质量技术监督部门在行政执法领域不断改进，更好地维护人身健康和财产安全，具有重要的现实和理论意义。
本文以经济学、管理学为理论指导，运用实证、调查问卷、实地访谈等研究方法，通过对质量技术监督行政执法的研究，利用博弈论的分析工具量化分析行政执法实质，提出质量技术监督行政执法的改进路径。第一部分对国内外研究现状进行综述，对国内外研究进行比较分析，论述了现阶段研究行政执法领域的进展情况、研究工具和研究意义。第二部分阐述了政府管制理论和界定了行政执法概念、质量技术监督行政执法概念，对行政执法的依据、现状、问题进行了分析，对行政执法主体、执法力度、执法程序、执法相对人等几方面进行透彻分析执法问题。第三部分论述了博弈理论基础，阐述了博弈发展历程和类型，对纳什均衡的重要意义进行了论述。运用博弈工具对行政执法的具体内容进行博弈分析，构建了监管人、行政相对人静态博弈模型、动态博弈模型，按照风险收益的大小，提出了行政许可部分成功、完全成功、接近失败三个模式，对监管者、生产者两方进行策略选择给出了概率公式，定量分析了行政执法低效的原因，提出了改进意见。第四部分以三聚氰胺案件为例，以时间为脉络对事件进行回放，对各方当事人的策略进行分析，深入研究了事件产生的背景和发展成因，给出了质量技术监督部门监管的启示和建议。第五部分根据博弈模型分析，初步建立决策支持系统。第六部分对论文进行总结和展望，指出在行政执法的自由裁量、执法证据、博弈模型的拓展等方面有待进一步研究和探讨。
关键词：博弈 质量技术监督 行政执法
Abstract
The quality technical supervision department is playing the irreplaceable role not only in maintaining the steady state of market economy, but also in promoting upgrade industries and the changes in economic development manners. In recent years, with the development of Chinese market economy and the expansion of upgrade industries improvement, China’s Manufacturing Industry is going to the world, but it is not without any question. At present, though the product quality in China has been improved wholly and the regional problems of product quality have reduced obviously, some problems still exist, especially in food production. Tony red, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, melamine, and clenobuterol hydrochloride have already been discovered in food, which has drawn the government’s attention. Meanwhile, the credibility of food manufacturing enterprises is being queried and the quality technical supervision department is being asked to take responsibility for it. According to the current administrative system, for keeping consumers’ health and protecting their properties, exploring and analyzing the administrative law enforcement of quality technical supervision department to stimulate its improvement has quite an important realistic and theoretic significance.
Based on the principles of economics and management, through the empirical studies, the questionnaires, and the interview surveys, the essay researches the administrative law enforcements of quality technical supervision, analyzes the essence of the law enforcements and proposes the modified methods in the administrative law enforcement of quality technical supervision. In Part One, the author summarizes the research status on this topic in China and abroad, compares and analyzes the domestic and international researches, discusses the current research findings, the research approaches and the research significance. In Part Two, the author expounds government regulation theories, separates the administrative law enforcement of quality technical supervision from the administrative law enforcement and analyzes not only the administrative law enforcement bases, the current law enforcement situations, the law enforcement problems but also analyzes the administrative law enforcement bodies, the law enforcement dynamics, the law enforcement procedures and the law enforcement counterparts. In Part Three, the author introduces Game Theory, its development course and types, discusses the important meaning of Nash equilibrium. He does a game analysis of the specific contents of the administrative law enforcement, builds the static and the dynamic game theoretical models, brings out three administrative licensing models—partial success, total success and approaching success. He also provides a probability formula of the strategy choice between the regulators and the producers. He gives the modified advice by analyzing the causes of the administrative law enforcement inefficiency. In Part Four, the author takes the Melamine Case as an example, reviews the case as a function of time, analyzes the strategies of all parties in the case, researches the backgrounds and the causes of the case and presents some improved advice. In Part Five, According to Game Model, Initial establishment of decision support system. In Part Six, the author summarizes the essay and points out that we can do the further research on the free appreciation in the administrative law enforcement, law enforcement evidence and expanding game theoretical models.
Key words: Game, Quality and Technical Supervision, Law enforcement
