摘 要
随着我国经济和社会的快速发展，锅炉、压力容器、压力管道、电梯、起重机械、客运索道、大型游乐设施、厂内专用机动车辆八大类特种设备的数量与日俱增，应用范围越来越广泛。由于涉及生命安全而且危险性较大，特种设备的安全问题也越来越引起政府、企业、群众的高度重视。特种设备安全管理的缺陷是导致安全事故发生的基本原因，安全管理水平直接影响着设备的运行状况。在当前特种设备安全监管人员数量严重不足和企业安全意识淡薄的情况下，必须进一步强化企业的安全主体责任，对企业的特种设备实施安全管理标准化。因此，在特种设备使用单位开展特种设备安全管理评价，一方面有利于促进企业安全管理标准化的实施，提高企业发挥主体责任的积极性和安全管理水平；另一方面可以根据安全评价结果划分等级，实施分类监管，提高安全监管的效率。但是，特种设备的安全评价目前在我国尚处于探索研究阶段，尚未建立起一套科学的完整的在用特种设备安全管理标准及其评价体系。本文通过对特种设备安全管理评价的方法进行研究和分析，最终探索出一套在用特种设备安全管理评价方法，并初步设计了评价的管理信息系统。
本文以在用特种设备安全管理评价为研究对象，首先对安全评价方法进行分析、比较和选择，选用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法作为在用特种设备安全管理的评价方法，再采用事故致因理论、问卷调查和实地调研等方法进行评价指标的筛选，建立特种设备安全管理评价模型。然后用层次分析法确定了评价指标及其权重关系，并用模糊数学法对A公司工业锅炉安全管理水平进行综合评价，最后还运用系统设计、功能模块分析等信息化方法设计了一套在用特种设备安全管理评价信息系统。
本文探索出一种在用特种设备安全管理评价方法，确定了在用特种设备安全管理中的各项安全定量指标及其权重，为评价在用特种设备安全管理状况提供科学的理论和方法, 为企业实施安全管理标准化提供了依据，为特种设备安全监管部门做出客观、科学的评价以及制定合理的政策和监管方案奠定了基础，也为我国特种设备电子监管网的完善提供了参考。
关键词：特种设备；安全管理；安全评价；层次分析法
Abstract
With china's rapid economic and social development, the number of eight different species of special equipments which include boilers, pressure vessels, pressure pipes, elevators, lifting appliances, passenger ropeway, large-scale recreational facilities, motor vehicles in plant（field）is increasing, and their application range is more and more wide. Because the special equipments refer to safety of life and greater risk, they cause the great important attention of the government, enterprises and the people. The flaw of safety management is the direct cause of special equipment security incidents. The level of safety management directly affects equipment operating conditions. The number of special equipment security supervisor is in a serious shortage today. Enterprises must reinforce the safety of the main responsibility, and implement the standards of safety administration for special equipments. So implementing safety assessment for the use of special equipment in the enterprises not only can implement the standards of safety administration for special equipments, but also can divide safety assessment results into class to implement the classified supervision and improve the safety supervision efficiency. But the special equipment safety assessment in China is still on the stage of exploration today, and there is not a scientific complete standards and evaluation system in the use of safe management of special equipment. This thesis discovers a set of special equipment safety assessment method by the research and analysis of the evaluation method of special equipment for safe management, and preliminary design of the assessment of management information system.
The assessment methods of special equipment for safety management are chosen as research objects in this thesis. Firstly, it analyses and compares safety assessment methods, and chooses FUZZ-AHP as the evaluation method of special equipment for safety management. Secondly, accident reason theory and the questionnaire investigation and research are used to screen the existed effectiveness evaluation indices, and the thesis establish special equipment security assessment model. And then evaluation indices and their weight scales are established by AHP，and it makes use of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method to analyze the special equipment for safety management. At last, it uses the methods of system design and functional modules analysis to design an evaluation information system of special equipment management.
This thesis provides an assessment method for the special equipment safety management, and ascertains the weight of each level of evaluation index to provide the scientific and theoretical base for the evaluation. Further, this method provides a basis for standardized safety management. It will not only be more helpful for the government to make an objective and scientific evaluation and decision, but also be implicative for the improvement of special equipment electronic monitoring network in China.
Keywords: Special equipment, Safety management, Security assessment, AHP
