摘 要
企业产品标准是质量的基础，也是企业生产管理的基础，企业标准化在企业的生产、经营、管理等活动中发挥着十分重要的作用。改革和优化我国企业产品标准备案管理制度，是市场经济条件下积极发挥政府职能，强化企业主体作用，提高经济运行效率，积极推进经济增长方式转变，为建设资源节约型社会，实现可持续发展，促进经济又好又快发展的一项重要工作。
随着我国市场经济体制的逐步建立，政府标准化管理部门在企业产品标准备案管理中充当双重角色的弊端日益突出：企业产品标准备案管理的行政化，既使企业产品标准的更新跟不上技术、市场、社会发展的需求，又使企业的企业产品标准受政府约束，不能有较大的发展空间，使标准化管理部门热心于对企业产品标准的强制管理，热心于对企业违规行为的处罚，反而对企业产品标准活动的创新缺少政策、资金支持，进一步限制了市场主体——企业在企业产品标准发展中的重要作用。
造成我国企业产品标准备案管理问题的原因是多方面的。比如，与国外企业产品标准管理体制相区别的是我国行业协会欠发展、欠完善。在国外，多数政府都是委托协会来管理标准化工作，行业协会作为非营利性部门，是企业产品标准制定的重要主体。政府主要通过政策引导和财政支持来保证自愿性企业产品标准体系的运行，企业受政府干预较少，受市场影响较多。又比如，我国企业产品标准法规体系与WTO规则不相符，致使我国企业频繁遭受国外技术贸易措施的限制和制裁。
企业产品标准备案管理的研究是一个系统工程。企业产品标准备案管理是标准化管理的一个重要内容，企业产品标准备案管理的改革又受制于标准化管理体制及运行机制的改革，因此，对企业产品标准备案管理制度的研究不能仅仅局限于企业产品标准备案管理本身，必须要与国内外的标准化管理体制及运行机制结合起来进行研究，才能对我国企业产品标准备案管理制度有一个更好的把握。本文首先从公共管理理论角度对企业产品标准备案制度进行理论分析，从公共管理视角，分析了公共管理理论在我国企业产品标准备案管理中的适应性；其次回顾了建国以来我国标准化管理及我国企业产品标准备案管理的现状，在此基础上，进一步剖析了存在的问题及其产生的深层次原因，重点参考分析美国、英国和德国等发达国家企业标准化管理，以期从中能得到一些有益的启示和借鉴；最后，通过综合研究，系统提出了我国政府推动企业产品标准备案管理改革可供选择的基本路径:建立适应市场经济发展的自愿性标准运行体系，转变企业产品标准备案的政府管理模式，加快企业产品标准备案的信息服务体系建设，完善与企业产品标准备案管理相配套的法律法规体系，加强企业产品标准备案管理的资金保障体系建设，大力推进企业产品标准备案管理的人才队伍建设等。
关键词：标准化；企业产品；备案管理；改革
Abstract
Enterprise product standard is the basis of quality and enterprise production management. Its standardization plays an important role in enterprise production，operation and management activities, thus reform and optimize the record-keeping of enterprise product standard in China and its management system are of great significance in bringing positive government functions into play strengthening enterprise’s major role，improving the operating efficiency of economy, together with promoting the transformation of economic growth mode under the condition of market economy, so as to establish a resource- saving society and realize sustainable development, as well as strive sound and quick economic development.
With gradual establishment of the market economy system in China, disadvantages of the standardization management departments of the Government’s dual role in record-keeping and management of the enterprise product standards become more prominent. The administrative phenomenon of record-keeping and management of the enterprise product standards not only makes the update of enterprise product standards falling behind the requirement of technology, market and social development, but also bounds constraints by the government. Therefore the standardization of enterprise product bears limited development potential, resulting in compulsory management for enterprise product standards by the standardization management departments and implementing punishment on enterprise irregularities, instead of lacking policy and financial support toward innovation of enterprise product standards activities， which thus further limits the important role of the main body of the market, the enterprises, in the development of enterprise product standards.
There are many causes resulting in the problems of the record-keeping and management of enterprise product standards in China. For example, with comparison of foreign enterprise product standards management system, China industry association is lacking of development and improvement. In other countries, industry associations are entrusted by most of the government to manage the standardization. As a non - profit sector, industry association is an important subject in the enterprise product standards establishment. Its operation is ensured mainly through government’s policy guidance and financial support, thus the enterprise suffers less government intervention, while affects more from the market. Besides, the legal system of China’s enterprise product standards is incompatible with WTO rules, which makes our enterprises suffering frequent restrictions and sanctions from foreign technical trade measures.
Study on the record-keeping and management of enterprise product standards is a systematic project. It is an important part of the standardization management, and the reform is also constrained by the changes of the standardization management system and its operation mechanism. Therefore, research on the record-keeping and the management system of enterprise product standards can not limited to the system itself, it should be combined with the standardization management and operation mechanism at home and abroad, so as to have a better grasp of the management system of the enterprise product standards in China. This dissertation paper firstly carries out a theory analysis on the record-keeping system of the enterprise product standards from aspect of public management, discusses its adaptability in this field; then reviews the present situation of the standardization management together with the record-keeping and management of the enterprise product standards since the founding of People’s Republic of China. Based on this, further investigations have been done on the existing problems and its deep-rooted causes, emphasizing on reference and analysis of the enterprise standardization management in developed countries, such as Britain, Germany and the United states, etc, so as to gain some useful enlightenment; finally, selected basic approaches to promote the reform of the enterprise product standards management in China have been proposed through comprehensive study: to establish a voluntary standard operation system suitable for the development of market economy, transform the government management mode of the record-keeping of the enterprise product standards, accelerate the construction of the information service system, improve the corresponding laws and regulation system, strengthen the financial guarantee system, as well as actively pushing the construction of the professional teams for the record-keeping and management of the enterprise product, etc.
Keywords: standardization; enterprise product; record-keeping and management; reformation
