地铁隧道盾构法施工安全风险

巡视管理研究

廖志强

摘 要

随着我国经济的高速发展与城市化的快速推进，城市地铁投资建设蓬勃发展。然而，地铁建设危险性大，致使安全事故时常发生，特别是盾构法施工安全事故，往往造成较大的社会负面影响。因此，作为危险性较大行业安全管理的重要举措，安全风险巡视逐渐成为地铁施工安全风险管理不可或缺的组成部分与手段。鉴于地铁施工安全风险巡视缺乏理论支撑与工作指南，本文选择危险性较大的地铁隧道盾构法施工为研究对象，对安全风险巡视展开系统性研究，旨在为地铁盾构施工安全风险巡视工作提供理论支撑与巡视指南，以避免或降低地铁盾构施工安全事故。

首先，从地铁施工安全风险管理的各个阶段、地铁施工的各个时期、地铁施工参建各方等“三个维度”论述地铁施工安全风险巡视的重要性与必要性，并结合地铁施工安全风险管理理论，梳理总结“三阶段”巡视理论、“望闻听切”巡视方法、安全风险巡视步骤流程等地铁施工安全风险巡视理论。其次，将WBS-RBS耦合矩阵与模糊综合评价模型等方法运用到地铁施工安全风险巡视内容制定的过程，得出基于WBS-RBS法与模糊综合评价法的地铁施工安全风险巡视内容制定的半定量化的方法，并据此法直接给出地铁盾构施工安全风险巡视内容和地铁盾构施工安全风险巡视记录表。再次，研究地铁盾构施工安全风险巡视工作组织结构，建立地铁盾构施工安全风险巡视“非典型性”组织架构。最后，根据地铁施工安全风险巡视理论，结合安全预警单位现场巡视工作经验，以武汉地铁2号线越江盾构隧道工程为案例，实证分析地铁隧道盾构法施工安全风险巡视工作的实施开展情况与流程。

本文梳理得出地铁施工安全风险巡视理论，包括巡视重要性理论、巡视内容制定方法论、巡视组织设计理论等，并基于巡视内容制定方法论提供地铁盾构施工安全风险巡视内容，为地铁盾构施工现场巡视工作提供了理论支撑与工作指南。同时，以期此研究为地铁建造安全风险巡视工作的策划、组织、控制等提供参考。

关键词：地铁盾构法施工 安全风险巡视 非典型性组织 模糊综合评价法 盾构施工巡视内容 WBS-RBS法

Abstract

As the rapid development of economy and urbanization in China, the investment on construction of urban subway is booming. However, subway construction is dangerous and safety accidents occur frequently, especially safety accidents of shield construction, which cause casualties, property losses and adverse social impact. Therefore, as an important measure of safety management in dangerous industries, safety risk patrol has become an indispensable part and means of safety risk management of subway construction. In view of the lack of theoretical support and working guidance for the inspection of safety risks in subway construction, this paper chooses subway shield construction, which is quite dangerous, as the research object to conduct research on the inspection of safety risks. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical support and tour guide for safety risk patrol in shield construction, in order to avoid or reduce safety accidents in shield construction.

First of all, the importance of safety risk patrol in subway construction are discussed from the “three dimensions”, which include each stage of subway construction safety risk management, each period of subway construction and participating units of subway construction. Combined with theory on safety risk management of subway construction, this paper summarizes the patrol theory of “three stages”, the patrol method of “look, smell, hear and touch” and the procedure of safety risk patrol. Secondly, WBS-RBS matrix and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is applied to the process of making safety risk patrol contents of subway construction, which obtains the semi-quantitative method based on the WBS-RBS and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for safety risk patrol in subway construction. Based on this semi-quantitative method, the contents and patrol risk table of safety risks patrol in subway shield construction are given. Then, the organization structure of safety risk patrol of subway shield construction is studied and “atypical organization” of safety risk patrol of subway shield construction is established. And then finally, according to safety risk patrol theory of subway construction and combined with the construction site patrol experience of safety warning units, the cross-river shield tunnel project of Wuhan metro line 2 was taken as a case for empirical analysis.

This paper draws the theory of risk patrol in subway construction, which includes the patrol importance theory, the method to get patrol content, the patrol organization design theory, etc. Based on the method to get patrol content, the content of safety risk patrol in subway shield construction are provided, which provides theoretical support and work guidance for the site patrol work of subway shield construction. At the same time, this paper will be supposed to provide a reference for the planning, organization and control of safety risk patrol in subway construction.

Keywords: Subway shield construction safety risk patrol  atypical organization

   Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method shield construction patrol content

   WBS – RBS risk matrix