居住环境对中老年人抑郁情绪的影响研究

汪婉

摘  要

城市化进程是经济社会发展的必然趋势，城市化改变了中老年人的居住环境，但同时也给中老年人带来了一定的精神压力，抑郁情绪作为一种典型的精神疾病其患病率更是在中老年人中达到顶峰。不少研究表明居住环境对中老年人产生抑郁情绪有一定的影响。本文通过对国内外相关文献进行梳理，总结可能影响中老年人抑郁情绪的居住环境因素，基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2011年基线数据及2013、2015年追踪随访数据，并结合实地调研与临床诊断数据进行实证研究。通过Logistic回归、Cox比例风险回归等方法，得到便利的交通、丰富的社区活动服务场所、齐全的室内设施等环境因素能显著缓解中老年人抑郁情绪。随后通过主成分改进的Cox比例风险回归方法对上述居住环境因素进行分析，得到各个因素对中老年人抑郁情绪影响的相对重要性，结果表明重要程度较高的因素有自来水供应、工业污染、露天器材、建筑结构等。最后采用关联规则分析多因素作用对中老年人抑郁情绪的耦合影响，发现社区活动服务场所和社交环境因素相较于其他因素，对中老年人抑郁情绪的影响提升作用更高。

为进一步探究社区活动服务场所和社交型娱乐活动对中老年人抑郁情绪的影响机制，本研究开展了实证调研，并采用路径分析法分析社区活动服务场所及社交型娱乐活动对中老年人抑郁情绪的影响路径，结果发现社区活动服务场所对中老年人抑郁情绪的影响主要为间接影响，且该影响通过社交型娱乐活动传递给抑郁情绪。最后，结合本文所有分析结果，为适老性住宅的规划、设计与建设提出一些建议。

关键词：居住环境；中老年人；抑郁情绪；影响因素

ABSTRACT

The process of urbanization is an inevitable trend of economic and social development. Urbanization has changed the living environment of middle-aged and elderly people, but at the same time it has also brought certain mental pressure to middle-aged and elderly people. It has reached its peak among the elderly. Many studies have shown that the living environment has a certain effect on the depression of middle-aged and old people. This article summarizes the living environment factors that may affect the depression of middle-aged and elderly people by combing relevant literature at home and abroad, based on the 2011 baseline data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the follow-up data of 2013 and 2015, combined with field research Conduct empirical research with clinical diagnostic data. Through logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards regression and other methods, access to environmental factors such as convenient transportation, rich community service venues, and complete indoor facilities can significantly alleviate the depression of middle-aged and elderly people. Subsequently, the above factors of the living environment were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards regression method improved by the principal component, and the relative importance of each factor on the depression of the middle-aged and elderly people was obtained. The results showed that the factors of higher importance were tap water supply, industrial pollution, and open Equipment, building structure, etc. Finally, the association rules were used to analyze the coupling effect of multi-factors on the depression of middle-aged and elderly people. It was found that community activity service places and social environment factors had a higher effect on the depression of middle-aged and older people than other factors.

In order to further explore the mechanism of community activity service venues and social environment on the depression of middle-aged and elderly people, this study carried out empirical research and used the path analysis method to influence the community activity service venues and social entertainment activities on the depression of middle-aged and elderly people The path was analyzed, and it was found that the impact of community service places on middle-aged and elderly people's depression was mainly indirect, and this effect was transmitted to depression through social entertainment activities. Finally, combined with all the analysis results of this article, some suggestions are made for the planning, design and construction of suitable old houses.

Key words: Residential Environment; Middle-aged and Elderly; Depression; Influencing Factors