室内照明环境对工作效率的影响机制研究

吴 璠

摘要

建筑室内环境极大程度影响着办公人员的身心健康和工作效率。室内光环境支撑着人的视觉系统正常运转，而人所接收到的外部信息有超过80%是通过视觉系统获取的。光通过视觉效应和非视觉效应对人的心理和生理产生影响，进而影响室内工作人员的工作效率。而视觉效应会随着年龄的增长发生变化，因此，本文分析了光环境中最重要的照度因素对工作效率的年龄差异化影响，继而根据办公场所的人群年龄结构提出能有效提升室内整体工作效率的照明设计方案及空间布局的优化方法。本文采用实验研究法，模拟办公场景，通过调节光的照度改变室内照明环境，实验得出各照度下各年龄段办公人员的工作效率的差异。本文的主要研究工作及成果如下：

1、设计了照明环境对工作效率影响的多年龄层次的实验方案，挖掘照度对不同年龄层次人群的差异化影响；

2、提出了基于主观评价、生理评价和任务评价的工作效率综合评价方法，根据综合评价表获取各项评价指标，进行单因素方差分析和皮尔逊相关性分析，获得年龄组内和年龄组间各指标的差异性和相关性；

3、对20-50岁的工作人群进行分组实验，通过对其主观评价、生理评价和任务评价各项指标数据的综合分析，得出三组不同人群分别在300lx、500lx、750lx的照度下更能有效达到最佳的工作效率；

4、提出了基于BIM环境，面向工作效率提升的室内照明优化及办公室布局优化的方法。并以某实际办公环境为例，模拟不同灯具下的室内三维照度分布，结合本文研究结果和办公人群的年龄分布，对该办公区域的照明设计以及室内布局给出优化建议。

关键词：照度；认知能力；脑电信号；工作效率

Abstract

The indoor environment of the building greatly affects the physical and mental health of the office staff and work efficiency. The indoor light environment supports the normal operation of the human visual system, and more than 80% information is obtained through vision. Therefore, light has a certain impact on people's psychology and physiology through visual effects and non-visual effects, which in turn affects the work efficiency of indoor staff. Since visual effects will change with age, this article selects the most important illuminance factor in the light environment and analyzes the age difference effect of illuminance on work efficiency. Furthermore, according to the age structure of the staff in the office, suggestions on lighting design and work space layout to improve the overall work efficiency in the office are proposed. This paper uses an experimental research method to simulate office scenes, and changes the indoor lighting environment by adjusting the illuminance of the light. The main research work and results of this article are as follows:

1. Designed a multi-age experiment for the impact of lighting environment on work efficiency, and explored the differential impact of illuminance on people of different ages;

2. Put forward a comprehensive evaluation method of work efficiency based on subjective evaluation, physiological evaluation and task evaluation. Obtained various evaluation indexes according to the comprehensive evaluation table, and perform single-factor analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis, to analyze the difference and relevance of various indexes within and between age groups;

3. A group experiment was conducted on the working population of 20-50 years old. Through the data analysis of the comprehensive indicators of subjective evaluation, physiological evaluation and task evaluation, it was concluded that the three groups of different people can effectively reach their respective best work efficiency levels under the illumination of 300lx, 500lx, 750lx;

4. Based on the BIM environment, a method for optimizing indoor lighting and optimizing office layout for improving work efficiency is proposed. Taking an actual office environment as an example, the indoor three-dimensional illuminance distribution under different lamps is simulated, combined with the previous research results and the actual age distribution of the office population, optimization suggestions are given for the lighting design and space layout of the office area.

Key Words: Illumination; Cognitive ability; EEG; Work efficiency.