信息通信技术发展水平对建筑企业竞争优势的影响研究

熊小倩

摘 要

信息通信技术（ICT，Information & communication technology）伴随着第四次工业革命爆发式增长，成为各行业创新变革的动力。建筑行业正值向高质量和可持续发展方向转变的改革节点，如何利用ICT获得企业竞争优势成为建筑企业必须关注的问题。因此本研究旨在探究建筑企业ICT发展水平究竟能产生何种影响，以及这些影响通过何种路径作用于建筑企业竞争优势。

首先，深入解析建筑业ICT内涵。通过文献阅读，从ICT技术类型和技术阶段两个维度搭建建筑业ICT的应用框架，并且利用经济合作与发展组织（OECD）数据库和本研究调查问卷数据对建筑业ICT的发展现状展开分析，为理解建筑业ICT内涵打下坚实基础。其次，展开ICT对建筑企业竞争优势的影响理论分析。结合竞争优势理论和建筑行业智能化发展趋势，提出当前形势下建筑企业的关键竞争优势；分析建筑企业围绕信息流动产生的直接影响，在此基础上提出ICT产生影响形成的三个重要能力：数字化生产能力、适应性动态能力和平台化运营能力。最后，就ICT发展水平对建筑企业竞争优势产生影响路径通过结构方程模型展开实证分析，并针对结果对建筑企业ICT发展战略提出建议措施。

结果表明，建筑企业ICT发展水平通过不同路径对企业竞争优势产生影响。建筑企业大力发展ICT，最先受到直观影响的是企业内部的数字化生产能力和外部的适应性动态能力。同时，建筑企业只有将ICT转化为与外界环境交互的能力，才能真正实现ICT发展水平对建筑企业竞争优势的推动作用。建筑企业需关注ICT战略规划、技术应用和环境培育来提升ICT发展水平。

关键词：信息通信技术；建筑企业；竞争优势；结构方程模型；数字化

Abstract

With the explosive growth of the fourth industrial revolution, ICT (Information & communication technology) has become the driving force for innovation and change in various industries. The construction industry is at a point of reform that is shifting towards high quality and sustainable development. How to use ICT to gain the competitive advantage of companies has become a problem that construction companies must pay attention to. Therefore, this study aims to investigate what impacts the construction companies ICT development level can have and how these effects affect the competitive advantage of construction companies.

First of all, in-depth analysis of the ICT connotation of the construction industry. Through literature reading, build the application framework of ICT in the construction industry from the two dimensions of ICT technology type and technology stage, and use the OECD database and the questionnaire data of this research to analyze the development status of ICT in the construction industry. This play a solid foundation role for understanding the connotation of ICT in the construction industry. Secondly, the theoretical analysis of the impact of ICT on the competitive advantages of construction companies is carried out. Combining the theory of competitive advantage and the intelligent development trend of the construction industry, the key competitive advantages of construction companies under the current situation are proposed; the direct impact of construction companies on the flow of information is analyzed, and on this basis, three important capabilities of the impact of ICT are formed: digitalization production capacity, adaptive dynamic capability and platform operation capability. Finally, an empirical analysis is conducted on the path of the impact of ICT development level on the competitive advantages of construction companies through structural equation models, and recommendations are made for the ICT development strategy of construction companies based on the results.

The results show that the ICT development level of construction companies has an impact on the competitive advantages of companies through different paths. Construction companies are vigorously developing ICT, and the first thing that is intuitively affected is their internal digital production capabilities and external adaptive dynamic capabilities. At the same time, only by transforming ICT into the ability to interact with the external environment can construction companies truly realize the promotion of ICT development level on the competitive advantages of construction companies. Construction companies need to pay attention to ICT strategic planning, technology application and environmental cultivation to improve the level of ICT development.

Keywords: Construction companies, Information and communication technology, competitive advantage, Structural equation model, Digitization