地铁施工质量安全隐患排查机制

与应用案例研究

许洲炬

摘 要

  随着我国地铁建设规模逐年扩大，全国各主要城市在建地铁里程逐渐进入高峰期。在超大建设规模的背景下，地铁工程建设中地下施工高风险的属性，使得施工过程中质量安全隐患大量存在，成为地铁工程建设安全有序推进的重大挑战。根据调研发现，目前我国各城市地铁建设主体大都有各自的隐患排查制度，但普遍存在以下三个典型问题：（1）缺乏统一规范的隐患类型库及排查治理流程；（2）缺乏结构化采集与存储的隐患排查全过程大数据支撑；（3）缺少有参考意义的典型地铁施工质量安全隐患统计规律研究。

  为解决以上问题，本文尝试较为系统地从地铁施工质量安全隐患排查机制构建与数据特征分析两个角度展开研究，主要完成以下三方面的工作：

  （1）理论机制研究。通过总结隐患管理相关基础理论，建立地铁施工质量安全隐患的标准类型库并形成更新迭代机制，设计构建基于全员排查、分级管控、闭环追踪的隐患治理流程，梳理并完善流程对应的管理制度，提出地铁施工质量安全隐患排查治理的系统机制。

  （2）技术方案研究。引入移动互联网技术与质量安全管理全员参与的思想，提出手持终端前台取证与隐患数据后台闭环的排查治理全过程管控的技术要求，实现大数据支持下的全员排查、限期整改、查治留痕的地铁施工质量安全过程监管，明确技术引领工作转型升级的的方案思路。

  （3）工程案例研究。依托基于前述理论机制与技术方案研发的某市地铁施工隐患排查系统的实际应用，采集10 余条施工地铁线路的案例样本隐患数据近4000 条。分别从隐患类型、地铁线路、月度隐患、隐患等级和隐患逾期状态等方面实施统计分析，揭示地铁施工质量安全隐患的数据特征。引入层次分析法和风险矩阵法，针对较有代表性的某市地铁A 号线建设过程中已排查处置的隐患信息，进行隐患风险评估，确定该线路的风险评级情况。结合该线路综合信息，实施隐患因素敏感性分析，找出地铁施工隐患排查中容易被忽视的隐患类型，从而验证本文所提出的隐患排查机制对于地铁施工质量安全管理的适用性和可行性，为未来相似条件下的地铁施工质量安全管控，提供有益借鉴。

关键词：地铁施工；隐患排查治理；质量安全管理机制；统计分析；层次分析法

Abstract

As the scale of China's metro construction expands year by year, the mileage of metrosunder construction in major cities across the country has gradually entered a peak period. Under the background of super large construction scale, the high-risk property of underground construction in metro construction makes the quality and safety hidden hazards exist in the construction process, which becomes a major challenge for the safe and orderly advancement of metro construction. According to the survey, at present, most of the metro construction entities in China have their own hidden hazards investigation system, but there are three typical problems: (1) lack of unified norm type library and troubleshooting process; (2) lack of structured collection and The hidden hazards of storage are investigated in the whole process of big data support; (3) the lack of statistical research on the quality and safety of typical metro construction has a lack of reference.

In order to solve the above problems, this paper attempts to systematically study from two aspects of metro construction quality and safety hidden danger investigation mechanism construction and data feature analysis, mainly to complete the following three aspects: 

(1) Theoretical mechanism research. By summarizing the basic theories related to hidden danger management, the type library of metro construction quality safety hazard standards is established and an iterative mechanism is formed. The hidden danger management process based on full staff investigation, hierarchical management and closed loop tracking is designed and constructed, and the management system corresponding to the process is sorted and supplemented. The system mechanism for the investigation and management of metro construction quality safety hazards is proposed. 

(2) Technical program research. Introduce the idea of mobile Internet technology and full participation in quality and safety management, and put forward the technical requirements for the whole process control and control of the front-end forensics and hidden danger data back-end closed loop control of the handheld terminal, to realize the full staff inspection under the support of big data, the deadline rectification, and the process trace The supervision of the quality and safety process of the metro construction, clear the technical solutions of the technology leading the transformation of work.

(3) Engineering case study. Based on the actual application of the hidden danger

investigation system for a metro in a city based on the above theoretical mechanism andtechnical solutions, nearly 4,000 pieces of hidden danger data were collected from morethan 10 metro construction lines. Statistical analysis was carried out from hidden dangertypes, metro lines, monthly hidden hazards, hidden danger levels and hidden hazards, revealing the data characteristics of metro construction quality safety hazards. Introduce the analytic hierarchy process and the risk matrix method, and analyze the hidden danger information that has been investigated and disposed in the construction process of a certain metro line X of a city, carry out risk assessment of hidden hazards, determine the risk rating of the line, and combine the line integration Information, implement sensitivity analysis of hidden danger factors, identify specific hidden danger categories that affect the hidden hazards of metro engineering, and verify the applicability and feasibility of the hidden danger investigation system proposed in this paper for hidden danger investigation and safety management of metro engineering, and It provides a useful reference for the quality and safety control of the same type of metro construction in the future.

Keywords: Metro construction; the investigation and control of hidden hazard; 

                   Quality and safety management mechanism; Statistical analysis; 

                   Analytic hierarchy process