科学研究

Stefan Ambec is INRAE Research Professor at Toulouse School of Economics where he leads the TSE Energy and Climate Center. He is Editor-in-Chief for Resource and Energy Economics. His research focuses on the impacts of environmental policies: about their efficiency, fairness properties, their effect on firms’ strategies, on the welfare of citizens and their behavior. Topics include the energy transition, water use, air quality and climate change.

Public consultations are widely used in regulatory processes, allowing stakeholders to present their viewpoints despite their inherent biases. Some of stakeholders, like firms, are known to be  pro-business, while others, like environmental NGOs, are pro-environment. We develop a framework to analyze how a regulator should process information sent by biased stakeholders in her decision to ban or authorize a potentially harmful product. We distinguish between stakeholders whose bias are high and know, to those that small but unknown such as public agencies. We show that the regulator should follow the advice that runs counter a stakeholder's typical bias. Without such advice, she should prioritize the advise of stakeholders with smaller but unknown bias. Next we contrast our theoretical results with the regulation of chemicals in the European Union. We find that the regulatory outcomes are significantly influenced by the opinions of firms, especially when their views run counter to their typical biases. In contrast, the input from NGOs and environmental agencies has less impact, while national authorities have a stronger influence than other stakeholders.