Juvenile Justice: An Introduction is a student-friendly analysis of all aspects of the juvenile justice system. The book covers the history and development of the juvenile justice system and the unique issues related to juveniles, including police interaction, court processes, due process, movements toward diversion and deinstitutionalization, and community intervention. This book also examines particular issues within juvenile justice, such as female delinquency, gang delinquency, and the use of the death penalty and Life Without Parole with juveniles. Evidence-based suggestions for successful interventions and treatment are included, with a focus on performing cost-benefit analyses of what works versus what is ineffective with juveniles. The book concludes with a look to the future of the juvenile court, including the real possibility of abolition .
Foreword xi
Chapter 1 Introduction---The Definition and 1 (24)
Extent of Delinquency
Introduction 1 (1)
Defining Delinquency 2 (3)
Defining a Juvenile 5 (1)
The Extent of Delinquency 6 (17)
Summary 23 (2)
Chapter 2 The History of Juvenile Justice 25 (22)
Introduction 25 (1)
Property and Person 26 (3)
The Rise of Juvenile Institutions 29 (4)
The Establishment of the Juvenile Court 33 (6)
Benevolence or Self-Interest? 39 (3)
Juvenile Justice from 1920 to the 1960s 42 (1)
Changes Since the 1960s 42 (1)
Summary 43 (4)
Chapter 3 Explaining 47 (26)
Delinquency---Biological and Psychological
Approaches
Introduction 48 (1)
Theoretical Schools of Thought 48 (4)
Biological and Sociobiological Theories 52 (10)
Psychological Explanations 62 (10)
Summary 72 (1)
Chapter 4 Sociological Explanations of 73 (22)
Delinquency
Introduction 74 (1)
The Ecological Perspective 75 (2)
Learning Theory 77 (2)
Subcultural Theories 79 (4)
Routine Activities and Rational Choice 83 (1)
Strain Theories 84 (3)
Social Control Theory 87 (3)
The Labeling Perspective 90 (2)
The Integration and Elaboration of 92 (1)
Theories
The Impact of Theories on Juvenile Justice 93 (1)
Summary 94 (1)
Chapter 5 Gang Delinquency 95 (34)
Introduction 96 (1)
Gangs Defined 97 (3)
Early Gang Research 100(2)
The Extent of Gang Membership 102(4)
Characteristics of Gangs 106(5)
Why Do Youths Join Gangs? 111(2)
Gang Behavior 113(7)
Intervention with Gangs 120(7)
Summary 127(2)
Chapter 6 Drugs and Delinquency 129(30)
Introduction 130(1)
Gauging the Extent of Drug Use 130(7)
The Drugs-Delinquency Connection 137(2)
Research on the Drugs-Delinquency 139(2)
Relationship
Interventions 141(1)
Treatment Approaches 142(4)
Prevention Approaches 146(6)
Alternative Responses to Drug Use 152(5)
Summary: The Response of the Juvenile 157(2)
Justice System
Chapter 7 Policing and Juveniles 159(32)
Introduction 160(1)
Statistics on Police Work with Juveniles 160(1)
Professional Policing and Juveniles 161(8)
Community or Problem-Solving Policing 169(3)
Citizen Attitudes Toward Police 172(5)
Recent Issues in Policing Concerning 177(10)
Juveniles
Police Effectiveness with Juvenile Crime 187(1)
Summary 188(3)
Chapter 8 The Juvenile Court Process 191(40)
Introduction 192(2)
Detention 194(6)
Detention Alternatives 200(1)
The Intake Decision 201(8)
Processing Juveniles in Adult Criminal 209(6)
Court
Adjudication and Disposition 215(13)
Summary 228(3)
Chapter 9 Due Process and Juveniles 231(32)
Introduction 231(1)
The Landmark Supreme Court Cases 232(4)
Additional Supreme Court Rulings 236(4)
Search and Seizure 240(1)
Rights in School 241(13)
Rights at Home and in the Community 254(6)
Summary 260(3)
Chapter 10 Institutional/Residential 263(26)
Interventions
Introduction 264(1)
Institutional Corrections for Juveniles 264(1)
State Training Schools 265(7)
Program Effectiveness 272(2)
Institutional Life 274(9)
New Directions in Institutional 283(4)
Interventions
Summary 287(2)
Chapter 11 Juvenile Probation and Community
Corrections 289(1)
Introduction 289(1)
Probation 290(3)
Aftercare 293(1)
Supervision and Counseling 293(2)
Current Trends in Community Supervision 295(9)
Effectiveness of Juvenile Probation and 304(2)
Related Sanctions
Effective and Ineffective Treatment 306(6)
Interventions with Offenders
Continuing Concerns in Community 312(4)
Corrections
Summary 316(3)
Chapter 12 Restorative Justice 319(26)
Introduction 320(1)
Background of Restorative Justice 320(7)
Types of Restorative Justice 327(9)
The Impact of Restorative Justice 336(7)
Summary 343(2)
Chapter 13 The Victimization of Juveniles 345(20)
Introduction 345(1)
The Extent of Victimization 346(7)
Explaining Juvenile Victimization 353(2)
Responses to Victimization 355(3)
The Role of Formal Social Control Agencies 358(6)
Summary: The Need to Recognize the Victim 364(1)
Chapter 14 Future Directions in Juvenile 365(40)
Justice
Introduction 365(1)
Proposals for Reforming Juvenile Court 366(12)
Broader Issues 378(13)
Capital Punishment for Juveniles 391(4)
Life Without Parole for Juveniles 395(3)
Jurisdiction over Status Offenses 398(3)
Conclusion 401(4)
Bibliography 405(42)
Glossary 447(14)
Index 461
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