摘 要
信息沟通在政府危机预控中发挥着关键作用，它能让公众引起警觉，防止信息误传，能对潜伏期的情报及时处理，能够灵敏地启动预警系统,在短时间内控制事态进一步恶化。近年来，我国频频爆发的食品安全危机事件，如苏丹红、大头娃娃、三聚氰胺等都是在危机征兆出现后，政府作为食品安全危机管理的主体，往往忽略了危机初期的信号，没有在第一时间进行有效的信息沟通，及时采取紧急措施；一些官员缺乏危机意识和起码的责任感，甚至迟报、瞒报、漏报，导致信息沟通不畅，致使危机事件快速蔓延，一发不可收拾，造成严重的后果。
我国政府是一个科层组织系统，由于层级太多，容易导致组织内部上下沟通不畅。我国食品安全监管实行的是以分段监管为主、品种监管为辅的模式，容易出现监管部门相互之间协作上信息断链、食物在食物链流通过程中流通信息断链。食品安全危机事件往往具有突发性、不确定性，如果纵向信息不对称、横向信息不交互，就会导致政府危机预控信息沟通不及时，从而影响危机决策的有效性。
国外实践经验证明，在危机初期，政府对危机信号进行分析确认，并及时、准确的进行内、外部信息沟通，是食品安全危机管理最有效的方式。然而我国政府对食品安全危机预控信息沟通还不是很重视，我国学术界对此专门的研究也较少，因此，本文以政府食品安全危机预控信息沟通为研究对象，通过具体的食品安全危机案例，剖析我国政府食品安全危机预控信息沟通存在的问题及其成因，并借鉴国外发达国家先进的经验，提出我国政府食品安全危机预控信息沟通的优化策略，为提升政府食品安全危机管理的效率提供决策和参考。
关键词：信息沟通 食品安全 政府危机预控
Abstract
Pre-crisis communication control of the government to play a key role, it allows the public alerted to prevent the misrepresentation of information, able to handle latency information in a timely manner, can be sensitive to start early warning system, control the further deterioration in the short period of time. In recent years, frequent outbreaks of food safety crises, such as Sudan, Big Head, melamine, are all signs of the emergence of the crisis, the Government, as the main body of the food security crisis management, crisis is often overlooked early signal, not in the first time for effective communication, timely emergency measures; Some officials lack a sense of crisis and at least a sense of responsibility, even late, concealed, omitted, resulting in poor communication, leading to crisis quickly spread out of control, causing serious consequences.
Our government is a bureaucratic organization system, the level too easily lead to poor communication within the organization from top to bottom. Supervision of food safety regulation in place a sub-main varieties of supervision, supplemented by the model prone to collaboration between regulatory authorities of the information chain scission, the process of food distribution in the food chain scission in the flow of information. Food safety is often a sudden crisis, uncertainty, information asymmetry if the vertical and horizontal information is not interactive, pre-control will lead to government crisis communication is not timely, thus affecting the effectiveness of crisis decision-making.
Overseas experience shows that early in the crisis, the government recognized the crisis signal analysis, and timely and accurate information to internal and external communication, food safety is the most effective way of crisis management. But our government control of food safety information in the pre-crisis communication is not very great importance, this special study of academic and less, so this pre-government control of food safety crisis communication as the research object, by the specific foods security crisis cases, analysis of China's food safety crisis, the government pre-control problems in communication and its causes, and learn the advanced experience of foreign countries, make our government food safety information communication pre-optimized control strategy for enhancing food security crisis, the Government Management the efficiency of the provision of decision-making and reference.
Key words：Information communication Food Safety Pre-control government crisis
