摘 要
近年来，我国因食品非法添加物引发的食品安全问题日益突出。食品非法添加物不仅对人们身体健康造成重大损害，也给消费者和有关食品行业造成巨大的经济损失，直接威胁到公众的生命财产安全。在这种背景下，对我国建立完善食品添加物监管体系提出了迫切要求。因此，加强对非法添加物的研究，提高食品非法添加物管理水平，成为食品安全领域的一个重要研究内容。由于目前我国尚缺乏对食品非法添加问题的系统研究，学术界和各级政府研究管理的重点主要在事后检测方面，对非法添加物产生原因和社会效应分析研究不多，在引导和培育安全食品添加剂市场方面所做努力明显欠缺，造成了食品添加物市场监管失控，一些大型知名企业因为非法添加问题而身誉扫地，也成为备受国民诟病的一个重要话题。
从国外治理食品非法添加的经验来看，通过多年的市场经济实践，大部分发达国家都建立了较为完善的非法添加监管体系，对食品添加实行了从农田到餐桌的全程监管，监管的体系趋向于集中管理，并通过公开透明的信息监管、完善的法律体系，确保了国民的食品安全。从我国食品安全的实践来看，由于我国市场经济发展的时间比较短，在食品安全监管体系、市场诚信体系建立、食品安全信息平台建设等方面都还很不完善。要建立一个安全、有序的食品市场，特别是加强对食品非法添加方面的监管，还需要我们在实践中不断的探索。从我国目前主要的食品非法添加事件分析，我国发生的食品非法添加事件主要在于市场监管体系的缺位、市场经济秩序的不完善和信息预警平台滞后、法律法规对于非法添加过于宽容等原因。要遏制食品非法添加，就要求我们从市场维护、完善市场监管体系、加大立法惩处和建立完善的信用安全体系等方面着手，通过各利益相关者紧密协作，营造良好的市场经济秩序。
借鉴国外成熟的经验措施，结合我国的国情，本文就整合各种监管力量，建立完善的食品添加监管体系、食品添加物信息披露制度和统一的信息平台，及时预防大型的食品安全事故；进一步完善法律法规，加大惩处力度；加快完善市场经济体系，构建全国统一的诚信体系平台等几方面对如何加大对非法添加物的监管提出了一些对策建议。当然，要建立完善的食品添加物监管体系是一个复杂的系统，在实践中，我们还需要不断探索，积极借鉴国外先进经验来不断完善我国的食品添加监管水平。
关键词：食品安全 非法添加物 监管
Abstract
In recent years, food safety problems in China caused by illegal food additives are increasingly prominent. Illegal food additives, a direct threat to public life and property, not only do harm to the health of the public, but also bring great economic loss to the consumers and the relative industries. Under this context, it is an urgent request to establish and improve China's regulatory system for food additives. Therefore, to enhance the research of illegal additives and to improve food management becomes an important research area. At present, China still lacks systematically research on illegally food additives. Besides, academic circles and the government focus mainly on the detection of illegal additives after the events, make little efforts on the reasons why the problems appear and the social effects the problems may cause, and guidance and training in safe food additives market, resulting in the market of food additives out of control. Some large well-known enterprises became notorious because of illegal additives. It has become a highly important topic of national criticism.
From the western experience of managing illegal food additives, through years of market economic practices, most of the developed countries have established a fairly comprehensive regulatory system. They regulate the food from farm to table. The regulatory system tends to centralize. An open and transparent information management and a sound legal system ensure national food security. From the practice of food safety in China, it is far from perfect in the food safety regulatory system, the establishment of market credibility system, and other aspects of the food safety information platform, owning to China's market economy development in a relatively short time. To create a safe, orderly food market, particularly in the aspect of strengthening the regulation of food illegal additives, we still need more efforts. At present, analyzing from our country’s illegal additive events, the reasons mainly lie in the absence of market supervision, the imperfections of the market economic order and the lag of information warning platform, and the tolerance for illegal additives given by laws and regulations.
To curb illegal food additives, we are required to maintain and improve the market supervision system, increase penalties and establish a sound legislative credit security system to create a good market economic order through the close collaboration of all stakeholders. Learning from the experience of mature foreign measures and combining China's national conditions, this paper will put forward some suggestions on how to strengthen the supervision of illegal food additives from several aspects, such as integrating various regulatory forces, establishing a sound regulatory system of food additives, the disclosure system of food additives information and a unified information platform so as to prevent large-scale food safety incidents in time, further improvement of the laws and regulations to increase punishment; accelerating the improvement of market economic system and building a national platform of a unified credit system. Of course, it is a complex system to establish a sound regulatory system for food additives. Therefore, in practice, we also need to continuously explore and actively learn from advanced foreign experience to constantly improve the level of regulation of food additives.
Keywords：food safety, illegal additives, supervision
