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汉藏文化关系新事例试析
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[台湾] 林 冠 群
(台湾中国文化大学 史学系, 台北 11114)
林冠群,男,台湾台北市人,历史学博士, 台湾中国文化大学史学系教授。
摘要:
西方学者认为西藏文化主要受到中亚、波斯、印度地区的影响,鲜少提及与中原汉文化的关系。然而,根据现存汉藏史料文献记载,明显地展现出双方文化交流的频繁,吐蕃对大唐文化的主动学习与吸收,提升了双方文化内涵丰富的多元性样貌。吐蕃运用汉籍与政治典章制度主要体现在三个方面:(一) 吐蕃王室祖源神话的表现与内涵:王室祖源为天神,王室为天神之子下凡,统治人世,此与中原典籍所载的“天命论”颇多神似。亦即上天遣其后代,代替上天,依照天命,统治王臣与王土,双方仅在细节上有所差异。(二) 汉籍词汇中使用的比较:“黔首”即平民百姓的指称,汉藏双方皆同,古藏文以“mgo nag”字面词意亦为“黑头”。此外,对“三分天下有其二”(统治区)的表达方式,也是趋向一致的。(三) 官制方面:王权与相权的划分,吐蕃政制与内地秦汉以来皇室与政府分开的原则理念完全相同。除传统法制向李唐学习,官员兼有虚衔方面,唐蕃双方亦颇有神似之处。
关键词:
汉藏关系; 吐蕃; 文化交流; 唐代官制; 历史语言学
收稿日期:
2011-12-04
中图分类号:
K242; G125
文献标识码:
文章编号:
1672-4283(2013)03-0029-08
基金项目:
Doi:
A Tentative Analysis of Cultural Relationship Between the Han and Tibetan Ethnics Based on New Examples
LIN Guanqun
(Department of History, Taiwan Chinese Culture University, Taibei 11114)
Abstract:
Western scholars believe that Tibetan culture was mainly exposed to influence of Central Asia, Persia and India but make little mention of its relationship with Chinese culture in central China. However, according to records of existing Chinese and Tibetan historical materials, a prominent historical fact is that there were frequent cultural exchanges between two sides. Tibet automatically learned and absorbed the great Tang civilization, promoting the affluent and multielement character of two cultures. Tibet applied Chinese classics and decrees and institutions mainly in three ways: expression and connotation of Tibetan royal ancestral root mythology, comparison of words and expressions of Chinese origin, and division of power between the Monarch and Prime Minister in bureaucratic establishment. Besides traditional legal system, Tibet was similar to the Tang Dynasty in officials’ concurrent nominal titles.
KeyWords:
relationship between Chinese and Tibetan ethics; Tibet; cultural exchange; officialism of the Tang Dynasty; historical linguistics