哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
语言文字学研究
汉语因果复句的原型表达
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董佳
(西安外国语大学 中文学院, 陕西 西安 710128)
董佳,女,陕西西安市人,文学博士,西安外国语大学中文学院讲师。
摘要:
“因为……,所以……” 在各类教材中被描述为最普遍、最典型的因果类复句形式,此描述与人们实际语言中的使用情况存在一定差距。两个关联词同时出现的因果复句数量非常有限,而被看作特殊的、非典型的因果句“……,因为……”的出现频率远高于其他形式。语言表达上的因果关系有别于逻辑上的因果关系,后者强调因果之间的必然性联系,前者则不强调,而是以人们的主观认识为依据来表现因果关系。“……,因为……”目前仍被看作是一种语用的凸显格式,但这种“语用语序”已经越来越普遍地被人们所使用,表现出“语用法的语法化”趋势。
关键词:
汉语因果复句; 凸显语序; 语义关系; 语义表达
收稿日期:
2011-03-06
中图分类号:
H030
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2012)03-0141-05
基金项目:
Doi:
Prototypical Expression of Causeeffect Complex Sentences in Chinese
DONG jia
(College of Chinese Language and Literature, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an 710128, Shaanxi)
Abstract:
The pattern “因为……所以” has been always regarded as the most popular and most typical causeeffect pattern of complex sentences in Chinese in varieties of textbooks, but this description doesn’t all agree with the practical case in people’s use of the language. In Chinese the frequency by which two subordinators occur in a causal complex sentence is very low. In contrast the pattern “……, 因为……”, which is often regarded as special and nontypical occurs more frequently than other patterns. The causal relation in language differs from that in logic, for the latter emphasizes the cause relation between things whereas the former doesn’t, but referring just to a causal relation by people’s subjective understanding. As a result, the pattern “……, 因为……”is taken just as a pragmatic pattern, but this “pragmatic word order” is being used more and more popularly, which indicates a tendency of “grammaticalization of pragmatic usage”.
KeyWords:
causal complex sentence in Chinese; prominent word order; semantic relation; semantic expression