The preQin scholars contributed very abundant disseminating theories. On the basis of their understandings of disseminating activity, they introduced the disseminating view of “being careful before speaking” and “three principles of being immortal”, thinking as long as a person got established either in moral conduct or in accomplishment or in speech, he could just make himself sustainable and immortal. For public opinions, Luan Wuzi put forward the view of “becoming popularized by well convincing the public” while Lord of Shao introduced a series of ideal disseminating order and system, both of which were remarkable disseminating ideas. In those days even nonlinguistic dissemination was well noticed. Lord of Shanxiang was a good example, who believed that accurate information could be obtained about a person by observing a combination of his behaviour, speech, view and hearings. Moreover, the preQin scholars already brought forward the view of “taking notice of the open without neglecting the private and paying attention to the clearly expressed without neglecting the indirectly implied”, which showed they had already noticed the matter of audience.

disseminating activity in the preQin days; disseminating theories in ancient China; history of dissemination