哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
编辑出版学研究
幂律、长尾理论和图书出版
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练 小 川
(佩斯大学 出版学系, 美国 纽约 10176)
练小川(1957—),男,四川荣县人,美国纽约佩斯大学出版系兼职教授。
摘要:
图书出版从本质上讲是一个“小众商品”行业。每年有大量的新书涌入市场,但是大多数图书的目标读者群十分有限。然而由于销售渠道的限制,出版业迄今的经营模式主要是追逐畅销书,将有限的资源用于追逐那些昙花一现的“大众商品”,以求在有限的书架上获得最快的商品周转。在此种经营模式下,图书销售呈现幂律曲线分布,即少数畅销书占据了大部分图书销售额。随着互联网的兴起以及数字出版技术的发展,出版产业正在发生转变:畅销书开始失去市场统治地位,那些冷门图书开始有利可图。“长尾理论”解释了这种文化的变迁及其经济后果和市场机会。在长尾经济条件下,图书出版有了一个与“畅销书模式”并存的“长尾书模式”。
关键词:
图书出版; 图书销售; 长尾理论
收稿日期:
2006-09-20
中图分类号:
G230
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2007)03-0110-07
基金项目:
Doi:
Law of Power and Long-tail Theory and Book Publication
LIAN Xiaochuan
(Departmen of Publication Science, Pace University, New York 10176, American)
Abstract:
Book publication is in essence an industry of “small-group” commodity. Each year large quantities of new books crowd into market, but most books have only a limited target readership. However, restricted by the network of distribution, publication industry manages by pursuing bestsellers. That is to say that it invests limited resources into those transient “mass goods” so as to obtain the quickest possible circulation of goods on limited bookshelves. Under this mode of management, book distribution presents a curve of law of power, that is, the minority of bestsellers taking the greatest percentage of distribution. With the rise of internet and development of digital publishing technology, publishing industry is undertaking an evolution. And it is the long-tail theory that explicates this cultural change and its economic results and marketing opportunity. Under the circumstances of the long-tail theory, book publication will enjoy a “long-tail pattern” coexisting with the “bestseller pattern”.
KeyWords:
book publication; book distribution; long-tail theory