哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
文学研究
当代秦地作家与民俗文化
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赵学勇, 魏欣怡
(陕西师范大学 文学院, 陕西 西安 710119)
赵学勇,男,陕西乾县人,陕西师范大学文学院教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
自五四以降,小说的民俗文化书写便成为中国作家展现乡土社会、地域景观及民间传统的有效途径之一。这一叙事观念及话语方式延续至当代秦地小说中,也表现着突出的特点。概言之,传统地理学意义上分为陕北、关中和陕南的三秦大地,以其同中有异的遗风民俗,又促就了一众秦地小说所张扬的“和而不同”的文化样态。纵向来看,从延安时期至今,秦地小说历经了审美范式的转变和民俗书写的变异。横向来看,陕北作家如柳青、路遥等的创作根源于坚韧乐观、与时偕行的乡土文化,他们的小说自然离不开民俗民风的书写;关中作家如陈忠实等倾心于中庸调和、务实入世的家族文化,他们的民俗叙事将家族礼仪、伦理传统等表现得淋漓尽致;陕南作家如贾平凹等生长于轻质异俗、隐秘奇诡的山地文化,在他们笔下,民俗不仅是日常的生活方式,更是信仰的具体表征。对于民俗文化的倚重,深刻奠定了百年间乡土文学叙事的整体基调,也不断绵延至新时期以来秦地小说的创作实践之中,使其文学价值和意义显示出来。
关键词:
秦地小说; 民俗文化; 乡土文学; 三秦文明
收稿日期:
2020-12-26
中图分类号:
I206.7
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2021)03-0089-12
基金项目:
国家社会科学基金重点项目“陕甘宁文艺文献的整理及研究”(16ZDA187)
Doi:
Contemporary Qindi Writers and Folk Culture
ZHAO Xueyong, WEI Xinyi
(School Liberal Arts,Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi)
Abstract:
Since May 4th, the writing of folk culture in narrative literature has been used as one of the effective ways to show the local society, regional landscape and folk tradition. This narrative method continues into the contemporary Qindi novels, and also shows outstanding characteristics. In short, traditional geography is divided into the three Qin lands in northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, and southern Shaanxi. With their similarities and differences in traditional customs, they also promoted “harmony and difference” advocated by many Qindi novels. From a longitudinal perspective, from the Yan’an period to the present, Qin Di’s novels have undergone changes in aesthetic paradigm and variations in folklore writing. Viewed horizontally, the creations of northern Shaanxi writers such as Liu Qing and Lu Yao are rooted in the local culture of tenacity and optimism, and they live with the times. Their novels are naturally inseparable from the writing of folk customs; Guan zhong writers such as Chen Zhongshi and others are tempted to moderate the pragmatic family culture. Their folk narratives express family etiquette and ethical traditions to the fullest. Southern Shaanxi writers such as Jia Pingwa and others grew up in light and exotic, secret and strange mountain culture. In their writing, folk customs are not just daily ways of life but a concrete expression of faith. It can be seen that the reliance on folk culture has profoundly laid the overall tone of the narrative of local literature in the past 100 years, and it has continued to extend into the creative practice of Qindi’s novels since the new period, promoting their great value.
KeyWords:
Qindi novels; folk culture; local literature; Three Qin civilization