哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
西方哲学研究
康德哲学的“佛佗式精进”
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李伟
(安徽师范大学 文学院, 安徽 芜湖 241003)
李伟,男,安徽太和人,哲学博士,安徽师范大学文学院教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
康德哲学在1762年前后通过《关于自然神学与道德之原则的明晰性的研究》而显示出一个明显的转向,即从追求确然性的“知识”到究心知识的“确然性”,康德亦随之由自然哲学家转变为形而上学家。重构知识之确然性的内涵,则是批判哲学得以铸就的关键所在,在1765年12月完稿的《视灵者的梦》中,康德大体完成了这一重构,即由真理观的传统主客“符合论”转变为主体间的“普遍有效性”,确然性或客观性的内涵就由“无可置疑性”转变为“普遍有效性”或“普遍可传达性”。从“确然性的寻求”中转出的“普遍有效性”给康德哲学带来了一个极其深阔的思想境界,康德由此开始广泛思考认识判断、道德判断和鉴赏判断的普遍有效性及其先天原则问题,并最终得出“形而上学是一门关于人类理性界限的科学”的关键性结论以及二分主体与世界为现象和物自体的全新哲学格局。可把康德哲学的这一层推进名之为“佛佗式精进”。
关键词:
康德; 《视灵者的梦》; 确然性的寻求; 发生学; 过程化
收稿日期:
2019-12-25
中图分类号:
B516.31
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2020)04-0041-12
基金项目:
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“康德批判哲学发生学研究”(19FZXB040)
Doi:
“Buddhastyle Refinement” in Kant’s Philosophy
LI Wei
(School of Liberal Arts,Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003,Anhui)
Abstract:
This article aims to reexamine the status of Dreams of a SpiritSeer Elucidated by dreams of Metaphysics in the process of the evolution of Kant’s critical philosophy from the perspective of Genealogy and the research strategies of “Proceduring”.Kant’s philosophy showed a clear turn from an inquiry concerning the distinctness of the principles of natural theology and morality around 1762, that is, from pursuing the “knowledge” of certainty to concerning the “certainty” of knowledge, and Kant also transformed from a natural philosopher into a metaphysician.The key to the success of critical philosophy is to reconstruct the connotation of the certainty of knowledge, In Dreams of a SpiritSeer Elucidated by Dreams of Metaphysics, December 1765, Kant has basically completed this reconstruction, changing the traditional truth view of the subjectobject “conformity theory” into “universal validity” between subjects, and the connotation of certainty or objectivity changes from “incontestability” to “universal validity” or “universal conveyance”.The “universal validity” transferred from the “question for certainty” brought Kant’s philosophy into an extremely wide and deep ideological realm, which led him to think extensively about the universality and apriority of cognitive judgement, moral judgement and aesthetic judgment, finally making him come to the key conclusion “Metaphysics is a science of the limits of human reason” and reach the new philosophical pattern of dichotomy between the subject and the world as phenomena and thinginitself.This level of Kant’s philosophy can be called “Buddhastyle refinement”.
KeyWords:
Kant; Dreams of a SpiritSeer Elucidated by Dreams of Metaphysics; the quest for certainty; genealogy; proceduring