哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
创造性阐释中华传统文化精华
“赵氏孤儿”历史书写的美学剖析
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路 新 生
(浙江师范大学 人文学院, 浙江 金华 321004)
路新生,男,安徽萧县人,历史学博士,浙江师范大学人文学院历史学系特聘教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
《史记·赵世家》中关于赵氏孤儿的叙述,可作为《史记》具有历史美学特质的一个范本,蕴含着司马迁著史的高度人文关怀和深厚的道德伦理力量,对中华大众及民族精神之培育产生的影响至今仍在继续,这也是赵氏孤儿得以传承数千年而不衰的原因所在。如黑格尔所言,“客观性”不应拘泥于“它是否符合外在的历史细节”,而应当更加重视内蕴的“真实”,即表达人类对于美好生活和自由意志的追求,这也正是司马迁历史叙事的“意蕴”,然而,以刘知几为代表的后世史家仅仅注意到了对史公“外在历史细节”的“客观”考订而质疑其历史真实性,却忽略了司马迁的意蕴也是一种“客观”。实际上,司马迁的意蕴散发着人性的光辉,内蕴了足以净化人类心灵,提升人类品质的内容,与“细微末节”的客观相比,这种客观的价值更高。
关键词:
司马迁; 赵氏孤儿; 《史记》; 历史叙事; 美学分析; 人文关怀; 历史客观性
收稿日期:
2020-01-08
中图分类号:
K204.2; B83-0
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2020)03-0057-15
基金项目:
2018年国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“历史美学的理论与实践”(18FZS031)
Doi:
An Aesthetic Dissection of the Historical Writing of the “Orphan of Zhao” and the “Objectivity” of History
LU Xinsheng
(College of Humanities, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang)
Abstract:
“Zhaoshijia”, which contains humanistic care and moral ethic strength, can be a model for Shiji’s articles with aesthetic characteristics. It still influences the cultivation of the Chinese people and the Chinese national spirit. It is the reason that the story of the Orphan of Zhao can be spread for thousands of years. As Hegel said, “objectivity” cannot be stuck to “whether it accord with the outer historical details”. We should attach importance to the inner “truth”, that is Sima Qian’s historical narrative “implications” containing the pursuits for better life and free will. The later historians such as Liu Zhiji only noticed Sima Qian’s examination of the “objectivity” of the “outer historical details”,and ignored Sima Qian’s implication as a kind of “objectivity”. In fact Sima Qian’s implications give out the brilliance of humanity, and contains content that can purify human spirits and advance the human character; as opposed to “trivial” objectivity,the value of Sima Qian’s objectivity is more important.
KeyWords:
Sima Qian; Orphan of Zhao; Shiji; historical narrative; aesthetic dissection; humanistic care; the objectivity of history