The unfairness of preschool education in China is caused by factors such as urbanrural segregation, uneven allocation of educational resources, a weak preschool education curriculum and teachers, and lack of legal system for preschool compensation education. The Chinese government has begun to intervene to help vulnerable children. The preschool education weak compensation mechanism established by the United States reduced the economic burden of vulnerable groups and narrowed the gap in preschool children’s academic learning，which has three effective components including a safeguard mechanism, realization mechanism and responsibility mechanism, and creates a fair educational environment with highquality educational resources. It can provide a reference for the reform and development of preschool education in China.

American preschool education; vulnerable children; educational equity; compensation education mechanism