哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
历史时期的政治与宗教
吐蕃寺院岸本考
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陆离
(南京师范大学 社会发展学院, 江苏 南京 210023)
陆离,男,河南孟津人,历史学博士,南京师范大学社会发展学院历史学系教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
吐蕃时期敦煌寺院寺卿由俗人担任,负责对寺院财产、寺户及僧尼进行管理,此职在藏文文书中被称为寺院下管家。此外还有常驻敦煌僧团都僧统司的吐蕃人寺卿,也由俗人担任,藏文文书中称为寺院供养粮岸本,也称为如寺院供养粮岸本之大管家、寺院上管家,瓜州和吐蕃本部寺院中也有此类僧官设置。他们除了接受吐蕃僧官体系的管辖外,还要接受岸本榼苏户属、瓜州都仓曹、沙州仓曹等中央、地方各级官员的管辖。吐蕃政权的这种做法源自佛教内律和世俗职官岸本的设置,与唐朝的监寺制度也有一定关系。归义军时期寺卿仍然是敦煌寺院重要僧官。
关键词:
敦煌藏文文书; 吐蕃寺院; 岸本; 寺卿; 吐蕃僧官制度; 寺院管理
收稿日期:
2018-09-19
中图分类号:
K928.75
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2019)03-0020-09
基金项目:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》相关民族、人物、事件研究及分年、分类辑注”(17ZDA212);国家社会科学基金重点项目“敦煌、新疆等地出土古藏文官府文献整理与研究”(16AZS001);教育部人文社会科学基金项目“敦煌古藏文官府文书整理研究”(15YJA770013)
Doi:
A Study of the Tibetan Temple Mngan
LU Li
(Faculty of Human and Social Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu)
Abstract:
During the era of Tibetan government of Dunhuang, the Siqing(寺卿) in the temple of Dunhuang was a secular people, they were responsible for managing the temple’s possessions, the peoples affiliated to temples and monks and nuns and the officer was named mngan vog(the low mngan) in the Tibetan manuscripts. Besides, there was a Tibetan Siqing in the Du seng tong si(都僧统司) of Dunhuang monks, the officer was also named khwa mngan lta bu gnyer chen(a top manager like the temple’s grain mngan), mngan bla(the high mngan),and there were the same monk officers in Guazhou and central Tibet’s temples.The officers were not only managed by the Tibetan monk officer system, but also managed by mngan pon khab so vo chog(the exchequer’s chief officer), Guazhou du Cangcao(仓曹) and Shazhou Cangcao(stsang mngan). The Tibet government’s measure was derived from Buddhism internal rule and the secular officer mngan dpon, and also had some relationship with the Jiansi system in the Tang Dynasty. During the era of the Guiyijun(归义军) regime, Siqing was also the important monk officer in Dunhuang temples.
KeyWords:
Tibetan documents of Dunhuang; Tibetan temples; khwa mngan; Siqing; the monk system of Tibet; temple management