哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
语言文字学研究
解读唐诗“乡音无改鬓毛衰”的“衰”
孙 玉 文
(北京大学 中文系/中国语言学研究中心, 北京 100871)
孙玉文,男,湖北黄冈人,文学博士,北京大学中文系教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
贺知章的七绝《回乡偶书》之一“乡音难改鬓毛衰”的“衰”音义存在不同释读。从“衰”字古代的音义关系、诗歌的押韵证明,按照“衰”的音义和“鬓毛衰”这种组合对“衰”的字义的取舍要求,“鬓毛衰”的“衰”只能作“由盛而衰,衰白”讲,是止摄字;而该诗中“衰”占据的位置只能是蟹摄字。由此推定诗中的“衰”字不能按照通常的音义来押韵。宋赵令畤《侯鲭录》、明徐火勃《徐氏笔精》等都将“鬓毛衰”的“衰”写作“”,是目前早期明确记录《回乡偶书》的可贵资料。作“”文从字顺,合乎原文的押韵规律,因此应是《回乡偶书》的原文。“衰”是后人根据后代押韵习惯所作的改动,不合唐诗格律。
关键词:
《回乡偶书》; 鬓毛衰; 文献释读; 中
收稿日期:
2017-10-16
中图分类号:
H02
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2018)06-0123-09
基金项目:
Doi:
The “衰”(shuai) in A Poetry of Homecoming
SUN Yuwen
(Chinese department/Center for Chinese Lingustics, Peking University, Beijing 100871)
Abstract:
There are different interpretations of the sound and meaning of “衰”(shuai) in “Ones local accent is difficult to change but his hair has become white”of A poetry of homecoming. It is proved from the relationship between sound and meaning of the word “衰”(shuai) in ancient times and the rhyme of the poem ,the meaning of “衰”(shuai) can only be used as “hair decay from black to white” , the sound of“衰”(shuai) belong to “蟹摄” (xie group). But “shuai”(衰) had been written as “”(sai) in the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty .It can be proved that “(sai) is the original text of the pome in the Tang Dynasty. “衰”(shuai) is a modification made by descendants according to the rhyming habits of their descendants.
KeyWords:
A Poetry of Homecoming; hair becoming white; annotation; “”(sai)