哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
哲学研究
王船山“四圣一揆”思想的诠释学解读
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田丰
(武汉理工大学 政治与行政学院, 湖北 武汉 430063)
田丰,男,河南信阳人,哲学博士,武汉理工大学政治与行政学院讲师。
摘要:
经的存在方式是在诠释中不断生成的历史性存在。无视这种历史性的体用相生,经或者沦为历史之陈迹(考据学追寻的事实真相),或者成为与诠释史无涉的独断解读对象。宋代以降的疑古思潮预设前提是:第一,圣人思想与天道具有同一性与现成性。第二,后人与圣人(天)具有(至少是潜在的)平等的地位,可能通过对自家性体的体认达到对圣人与天的彻底澄明。第三,文本的存在方式是一种初生之顷、“不易之侀”。三个前提的统一性在于一种脱离用而追寻体之本然面目的努力。经典作为体,其存在方式并非超然于诠释史上的某种实然定体,人对经典的理解努力也不是还原出本然面目,而是进入诠释史,在其历史性的用中生成更加丰富之体。船山在不同的体用论基础上对《周易》生成史的描述是源始整体由数开始依次生出画、象、德、义、辞的过程,“生”内在于自身整体。“四圣一揆”指向的不是人作为孤立个体的制作,而是易作为天道在历史中的不断生成开显,前圣后圣道说的始终是“一”,后之学者总是已经处于历史之中,只能以不断重返的方式来重新生成“一”(也包括经典)之体。
关键词:
王船山; 四圣一揆; 疑古; 诠释学
收稿日期:
2017-08-15
中图分类号:
B249.2
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2018)04-0120-06
基金项目:
国家社会科学基金后期项目“王船山体用思想研究”(16ZX011); 武汉理工大学自主创新研究基金人文社会科学重点项目“朱子陈亮王霸之辨义疏”(171319002)
Doi:
The Hermeneutic in Wang Chuanshan’s Theory of “the Four Saints’ Thoughts is the One Tao”
TIAN Feng
(School of Politics and Administration, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei)
Abstract:
The way of existence of the Classics is the historical existence which was constantly generated in interpretation. Disregarding of this historical existence, the Classics would be reduced to historical evidence (the truth of the search for textual research), or become an independent object outside of the historical interpretation. Since the Song Dynasty, the precondition for the Doubt Archaic School was: first, the sage thought and the Dao have identity and reality. Second, the posterity and the sage have (at least the potential to) equal status. Third, the existence of text is Vorhandensein. The unity of the three premises lies in the effort to pursue the true Noumenon. The effort to understand the classics is not to restore the original truth of the text, but to enter the history of hermeneutics. The “generating” lies in its own whole. It is not the production of the individual as an isolated individual, but the continuous generating of the natural way in history. The later scholars are always in the history. They can only regenerate “one”(also including the Classics) in the way of continuous return.
KeyWords:
Wang Chuanshan;the four Saints’ thoughts is the one Tao; the trend of doubt to the classics; Hermeneutics