Abstract:
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the emperors’ ritual offering sacrifice to heaven were held in the countries in the north and the south, however, due to the differences in ritual traditions, the ritual offering sacrifice to heaven in the northern countries was carefully prepared, while the ritual in the southern countries was very simple. The emperor’s offering sacrifice to heaven was directly related to the orthodox consciousness of the countries in troubled times. In the late period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, with the weakening of orthodox disputes, newly established countries noticeably reduced their concern for the emperor’s offerings.
