The time from the 10th to 13th centuries was a period of confrontation between the Song Dynasty, which was known for regimes of Central Plains Han, and the surrounding ethnic minorities, such as Liao, Xia and Jin. All the regimes were selfidentified as “China” and “legitimate”. Although there was no complete agreement on it, some trends emerged of gradual identity and it indicated that there was perfect glamour and attraction in the ancient “China”. Not only had it become a selfproclaimed pride of the Han and its regime, but also it had become a target for the ethnic minorities to try to rank among the “world centers” and “cultural centers”. It was this glamour that enabled all the ethnic groups and political powers to gradually converge under the flag of “China” and form a unified “multiethnic” China.

ethnic regimes confrontation; “China” view; legitimacy view; “China” identity; selfidentity; others’ identity; the unified multiethnic China