哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
碑刻与碑刻学研究
《说文》小篆与秦刻石篆文字形之差异
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孟琢
(北京师范大学 民俗典籍文字研究中心, 北京 100875)
孟琢,男,北京人,文学博士,北京师范大学文学院、民俗典籍文字研究中心讲师。
摘要:
秦篆是《说文》小篆的重要来源之一,秦刻石文字保存了秦篆的历史面貌。《说文》小篆与秦篆存在字形差异,将其进行比较,能够体现《说文》的收字原则与编纂精神。在构形层面,《说文》和秦篆之间具有构形优化、构形简化等差异,体现出《说文》构形系统的制约。在构意层面,《说文》和秦篆之间具有构意凸显、构意分化、理据重构等差异,体现出《说文》对汉字表意性的强化与坚持。《说文》小篆和秦篆的异同状况反映出《说文》形体来源的现实性和复杂性,体现出《说文》形体优选的内在规律,证实了《说文》形义系统的存在。
关键词:
秦篆; 《说文》小篆; 构形; 构意; 形义系统
收稿日期:
2016-07-03
中图分类号:
H121; H123
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2017)02-0122-08
基金项目:
国家社会科学基金青年项目“《说文解字》疑难释义丛考”(14CYY026); 国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字化《说文》学及其研究平台构建”(12&ZD182); 教育部人文社会科学基地重大基金项目“近世碑刻与手写文献数字化典藏及属性描述应用平台建设”(02JAZJD740003)
Doi:
A Study on the Differences Between Small Seal Script and Qin Seal Script: Taking Qin Stone Inscriptions as an Example
MENG Zhuo
(Research Center for Folklore, Classics and Chinese Characters, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875)
Abstract:
Small seal script is mainly based on the Qin Seal script, which is preserved on Qin stone inscriptions. There exist differences between the small seal script of Shuowen and the Qin Seal script. The comparison of the two reveals the principle of character collection and compilation in Shuowen. In the aspect of configuration, optimization, simplification, and minor discrimination of graph forms demonstrate the restriction on Small Seal script of Shuowen by its configuration system. In the aspect of formmeaning relation, the salience and differentiation of meaning reflected by graphic form and reconfiguration of motivation show the intensification and persistence of Chinese characters’ ideographic nature. The similarities and differences of small seal script in Shuowen and the Qin Seal script reflect the reliability as well as complexity of graphic form in Shuowen.The comparison shows the inner rule of optimization of graphic forms and confirms the existence of the formmeaning system in Shuowen.
KeyWords:
Qin seal script; small seal script of Shuowen; configuration; meaning reflected by graphic form; formmeaning system