哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
新闻传播学研究
当高新技术风险遭遇媒介:不确定性的终结与恐慌的生产
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马锋, 张军锐
(西北大学 新闻传播学院, 陕西 西安 710127; 上海大学 影视艺术技术学院, 上海 200444)
马锋,男,陕西蓝田人,文学博士,西北大学新闻传播学院教授; 张军锐,男, 甘肃天水市人,上海大学影视艺术技术学院博士研究生。
摘要:
在科学传播史上,科学不幸败给了迷信。同样不幸的是,在“风险社会”中,当科学家与大众媒介相遇,媒介把风险或危害的概率抛之脑后,以高度不确定性为核心特征的现代科技风险,被媒介悄然转变为确定性的“正在迫近的灾祸”。与此相应的,则是公众对高新技术风险存在着一定程度上的心理恐慌。但是大众媒介仅仅是产生心理恐慌的启发式资源,公众的认知缺陷和心理认知机制则是产生恐慌更重要的原因。
关键词:
风险社会; 科学传播; 不确定性; 心理恐慌; 认知缺陷
收稿日期:
2014-12-11
中图分类号:
G206.7
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2015)03-0172-05
基金项目:
教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(07JC860003); 国家社会科学基金项目(11CXW025)
Doi:
When the Risk of New and High Technology Encounters Media: the End of Uncertainty and Emergence of Panic
MA Feng, ZHANG Junrui
(College of News and Dissemination, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi; College of Technology of Visual Arts, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444)
Abstract:
In the history of science communication, science was unfortunately defeated by superstition. Equally unfortunately, in the risk society, when the scientist encounters mass media, the media leave the ratio of risk and harm behind. As a consequence, modern scientific and technological risk primarily characteristic of high uncertainty is silently converted in “approaching disaster” in certainty by the media. Correspondingly, the public bear a certain degree of psychological panic to hazardous high and new technology. The mass media act merely as heuristic resources anyhow while the more leading cause for the panic lies in the public’s cognitive defects and mechanism.
KeyWords:
risk society; science communication; uncertainty; psychological panic; cognitive defect