哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
法学研究
加密资产司法救济的障碍与化解路径
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邓建鹏, 马文洁
(中央财经大学 法学院, 北京 100081)
邓建鹏,男,江西宁都人,法学博士,中央财经大学法学院教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
数字经济时代,以比特币为代表的加密资产不断涌现,成为一类重要的网络虚拟财产。在司法实践中,涉案比特币纠纷常适用财产法规则调整,但对于是否支持“以法币替代返还”则存在严重分歧。在首例比特币仲裁撤销案中,法院认为,“仲裁裁决赔偿与比特币等值的法币”的做法违反了国家金融监管规定,违背了社会公共利益。然而,上述裁判要旨因误读、误用规范性文件,缺乏对争议焦点的清晰回应和对公共利益的必要阐释,不仅有可能导致司法救济落空,甚至可能会助长社会逆向选择、增加道德风险,因此其正当性值得斟酌。面对不断扩张的财产权客体,法官需要突破虚拟财产的定价难题,实现法币的替代返还,加强对规范性文件的审查,减少公共利益的滥用风险,提升对当事人的司法救济质效。
关键词:
比特币; 加密资产纠纷; 司法救济; 网络虚拟财产; 社会公共利益; 规范性文件; 金融监管
收稿日期:
2022-10-29
中图分类号:
D916
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2023)01-0129-12
基金项目:
中央财经大学新兴交叉学科建设项目“金融系统安全与区块链监管科技”(2021-03)
Doi:
10.15983/j.cnki.sxss.2023.0112
The Barrier and Solution of Judgement to Cryptoasset Cases
DENG Jianpeng, MA Wenjie
(Law School,Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081)
Abstract:
In the digital economy era, cryptoassets such as bitcoin are emerging and becoming an important kind of virtual property. In judicial practice, disputes involving bitcoin are often adjusted by property law, but there is a serious argument about whether justice supports “compensation in fiat currency equivalent to bitcoin”. In Guiding Case No.199 of the Supreme People’s Court, “arbitration award for fiat currency equivalent to bitcoin” was inconsistent with the spirit of the normative documents and contrary to the public interest. However, it misread and misapplied the administrative normative documents and lacked an apparent response to the focus of the dispute and the necessary interpretation of the public interest, which may lead to the failure of judicial remedies and even promote adverse choice and moral hazard, and its legitimacy deserves to be considered. In the face of the everexpanding right to property, justice needs to strengthen the judicial justification of virtual property; break through the pricing difficulties of virtual property and realize the alternative return of fiat money; strengthen the review of normative documents to reduce the risk of public interest abuse,and enhance the quality and effectiveness of judicial remedies for the parties.
KeyWords:
bitcoin; cryptoasset disputes; judicial redress; virtual property; public interest; administrative normative documents; financial regulation