支持图审的消防设计规范条文

自动结构化方法

舒赛

摘 要

基于BIM的消防设计施工图合规性自动审查系统借助计算机和BIM技术，利用建筑三维模型的先天优势，快、全、准地检查出BIM模型中的设计问题，改变了传统的人工审图模式，提高了审图效率。其中，规范条文的结构化，即将自然语言编写的建筑设计规范条文转换为计算机可理解并执行的格式，是建立基于BIM的消防设计施工图合规性自动审查系统的关键步骤。近年来，我国在图纸合规性自动审查领域也获得了一些成果，而规范条文的结构化却一直停留在人工处理或半自动化阶段。人工提取过程效率低且容易出错，将人工处理过程转换为计算机执行的自动结构化过程可大大提高正确率和效率，特别在规范条文修订后能自动生成相应计算机可理解并执行的规则。

论文以建设工程消防设计审查要点作为切入点，选取了16篇常用消防设计规范作为研究基础。首先使用分词系统对规范条文进行预处理，使之成为仅含有一个设计规则的句子。接下来，本文借助上下文无关文法对消防设计规范条文进行句法分析，得出计算机可理解的知识内容。对最小的语法单位语素进行分析，将名词、情态词、比较词以计算机可理解的表达构建语素库；按照动词所表现关系将规范分成六类，推导出各类规范的结构化规则表达式及其判断依据，并构建方法库。最后，论文对规范条文自动结构化系统进行设计实现及案例应用。

论文提出的规范条文自动结构化方法，减少了规范条文处理的过程中的人工参与，为建立基于BIM的消防设计施工图合规性自动审查系统打下坚实基础，同时为建立建设工程领域各种图审系统提供了基础，这将减少审查人员的工作压力，提高审图效率，同时很大程度地提高建设工程管理信息化水平。

关键词：自然语言；消防设计；规范条文；结构化；上下文无关文法

Abstract

With the help of computer and BIM technology, the BIM based automatic inspection system for the compliance of fire protection design and construction drawing can quickly, fully and accurately check design problems in the BIM model, which changes the traditional manual review mode and improves the review efficiency. Structuring code provisions, namely transforming architectural design code provisions described in natural language into a format that can be understood and executed by computers, is a key step in the establishment of BIM based automatic inspection system for the compliance of fire protection design and construction drawings. In recent years, China has made progress in the field of automatic review of drawing compliance, while structuring specification provisions has remained in the stage of manual processing or semi-automation. The manual extraction process is inefficient and error-prone, but the conversion of the manual processing process into an automatic structured process executed by the computer can greatly improve accuracy and efficiency. In particular, rules that can be understood and executed by the computer can be generated automatically after revising standard provisions.

This thesis takes key points of fire control design review of construction engineering as the entry point and selects 16 commonly used fire control design specifications as the research basis. Firstly, specification clauses are preprocessed with the word segmentation system to make them into sentences containing only one design rule. Next, this thesis makes a syntactic analysis of the provisions of fire protection codes with the help of context-free grammar, and obtains the knowledge content that can be understood by the computer. After the morphemes of the smallest grammatical units are analyzed, nouns, modal words and comparative words are used to construct morpheme database with computer-understandable expressions. According to relations among verbs, the specification is divided into six categories. The structured rule formats and judgment basis of each category are derived, and the method library is also constructed. Finally, the automatic structured system for code provisions is developed and applied into case practice.

The automatic structured method for code provisions has reduced artificial participation in processing code provisions, which provides a firm ground for building the BIM based automatic inspection system for the compliance of fire protection design and construction drawing. This method also provides the basis for establishing all kinds of construction drawing review system, which can help to ease work pressure, or inspectors and improve the efficiency of drawing review. Last but not least, the development of construction drawing review system can greatly improve the level of construction project management informationization.

Keywords: natural language; fire design; code provisions; structuring; context-free grammar