预制混凝土构件现场装配质量监督管理

杨涛

摘 要

国家正大力推广装配式建造技术，装配式建筑提供了一种更好的建造模式：预制部品（部件）在工厂标准化生产、在施工现场采用现代化的装配技术拼装。政府对建设工程实施工程质量监督管理制度是国际惯例，而目前我国针对装配式建筑积累的工程质量政府监督管理的经验并不多。随着装配式建筑的规模越来越大，建立针对装配式建筑工程的政府建设工程质量监管办法，是一项不可或缺并且迫在眉睫的重要工作。工程质量监督工作必须针对装配式建筑的建设模式特点，建立适应性更好的建设工程质量监督管理办法，提高工程质量监督管理能力。

装配式混凝土结构工程的施工过程可以简单划分为以下四个阶段：设计与深化阶段、预制部品（部件）生产阶段、运输与堆放阶段、现场装配阶段。政府监督管理对以上四个阶段均有不同的监督管理侧重点，其中现场装配阶段质量控制对保证整个装配式混凝土结构工程的质量起重要作用，本文主要研究针对预制部品（部件）现场装配阶段的质量监督管理。

本文结合某装配式混凝土结构工程实例，根据该工程类别、重要性、技术难度和工程质量责任主体的业绩、信誉、质量保证能力等情况，制定相应的《工程质量监督计划》，提出预制部品（部件）现场装配阶段事前指导性、事中控制性、事后总结性质量监督管理方法并运用到工程实例中。该工程主体结构分部工程验收顺利通过，反映了预制部品（部件）现场装配阶段工程质量监督管理方法的有效性，积累装配式混凝土结构工程质量监督管理的宝贵经验。

关键词：装配式建筑；工程质量；政府监督管理；质量责任；质量行为

Abstract

China is promoting prefabricated construction techniques, which provides a better construction mode. Prefabricated components are standardized manufactured in factories and assembled using modern assembly techniques on construction sites. In most countries, the government implements the system of quality supervision and management for construction projects. However, at present, there is not much experience accumulated by the government for the quality supervision and management for prefabricated construction in China. As the scale of prefabricated construction is getting larger and larger, it is an indispensable and urgent task to establish a government supervision system for the quality of prefabricated construction. In order to improve the quality supervision and management on construction sites, it is necessary to establish a more adaptive construction quality supervision and management method, which should refer to the characteristics of prefabricated construction.

The construction process of the prefabricated concrete structural engineering can be divided into the following four stages: design development stage, prefabricated component production stage, transportation and stacking stage and field assembly stage. The supervision and management of government has different emphasis on different stages. The quality control in the field assembly stage plays an important role in ensuring the quality of the entire prefabricated concrete structural engineering. Therefore, this study focused on the quality supervision and management of the field assembly stage.

This study presents an example of a prefabricated concrete structural engineering. According to the type, importance, technical difficulty and the performance, reputation and quality assurance ability of the main body responsibility for the quality of the project, the corresponding "Engineering Quality Supervision Plan" is formulated and the construction quality supervision and management method of the field assembly stage, before, during and after the stage, is proposed. The successful acceptance of the main structure of this project reflects the effectiveness of the quality supervision and management method in the field assembly stage of prefabricated construction, which accumulates valuable experience in the engineering quality supervision and management of prefabricated concrete structural engineering.

Key words: prefabricated construction；construction quality；government supervision and management；quality responsibility；quality behavior