黄味*(清华大学法学院，北京100084)

【摘要】随着科学技术的发展，智慧警务成为警察权行使的新模式。电子监控、大数据等新型技术设备不间断捕捉违法行为，将瞬时记录的数据信号加工成影像资料等证据形式，使得公安机关发现和查明违法的能力大幅提高。但技术设备赋予执法者的不只是自动化、快节奏的处理流程，还有全新的调查义务。公安机关需要回答更多有关技术设备本身、违法事实固定以及后续处理流程等方面的问题，同时厘清数字技术引入给全面调查义务带来哪些新的变化:哪些义务由机器代劳，哪些义务因机器产生。面对智慧警务带来的全新挑战，首先应当通过技术的改进优化调查手段，克服技术能力分布的差异性，增强行政调查过程的合法性论证;对于当前技术难以解决的，通过规范构建和政策调整形成统一的制度选择，为执法实践提供类型化指引。

【关键词】智慧警务;调查内容;调查方式;全面性

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226(2024)02-0201-16

Comprehensive investigation duties in smart policing.Huang Wei.Tsinghua University Law School,Beijing,100084.

【Abstract】With the development of science and technology,smart policing has become a new mode of the exercise of police power.With the assistance of emerging technologies such as electronic surveillance and big data,illegal activities are continuously captured,instantaneous data signals are conversed to evidence such as video materials,and accordingly law enforcement’s ability to detect and discover illegal activities are significantly enhanced.However,the technological equipment endows law enforcement with more than just an automated and fast-paced processing workflow.It also creates a completely new investigation duty.Law enforcement agencies must address more questions related to the technology itself,the fixation of illegal facts,and the subsequent processing workflow.Simultaneously,they need to clarify what new changes the introduction of digital technology has brought to the comprehensive investigation duties,for example,what kind of duties are delegated to machines,and what kind of duties arise from machine.Faced with the fresh challenges brought about by smart policing,the initial response should be improving and optimizing investigative methods through technological advancements,overcoming disparities in technological capabilities,and enhancing the legitimacy of administrative investigation processes.For issues that are difficult to be resolved by current technology,a standardized construction and policy adjustment should be employed to form a unified institutional choice,so as to provide guidance for law enforcement practice.

【Key Words】Smart policing;Investigation content;Investigation methods;Comprehensiveness