【摘要】信息网络技术的发展在带来便利与快捷的同时，也为各种犯罪活动提供了支持。新型的犯罪形式借由信息网络技术的加持由传统的物理空间迁移到了网络空间上，其中许多犯罪行为无法按照传统刑法(共犯)理论进行解释。其经典犯罪模式可以被概括为“漠不关心”的分离射线型和“心照不宣”的链条型两种类型。网络帮助犯罪行为的犯罪主体之间的意思联络及行为共同性极弱，甚至为零，因此很难被评价为共同犯罪。基于此，《刑法修正案(九)》增设了“帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪”(以下简称“帮信罪”)。网络接入、资金结算等信息网络技术帮助行为，是典型的中性业务行为，天然地具有被犯罪分子利用以从事犯罪行为的风险。“帮信罪”中规定的“明知”要件将中性业务行为与犯罪行为区分开来。“明知”的范围应当是明确知道，而不包括可能知道与应当知道。推定是标志基础事实与假定事实之间法律关系的证据法范畴，从方法上说它是一种非论证性的推理，没有连续的推论环节。通过推定证明“明知”的方式具有扩大“明知”范围的风险，即无法排除可知与应知的情形，从而造成罪名的扩大适用，增加信息网络服务入罪的风险，阻碍网络科学技术与社会经济的发展。另外，推定的适用还为了满足司法实践的需求。在“帮信罪”中认定“明知”时，应当摒弃推定的适用，转而交由法官依据个案证据进行证据推论。

【关键词】帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪;明知;推定;风险;证据推论

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226(2023)05-0541-11

Proving knowledge by presumption in the crime of aiding criminal activities involving the information network:risk and countermeasures.Li Ying.Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China.

【Abstract】While the development of information network technology makes our life convenient and fast,it also sprouts various criminal activities.Facilitated by information network technology,the new forms of offences have migrated from traditional physical space to cyberspace.However,many such new offences cannot be explained by the traditional criminal law(accomplice)theory.The classic model of such new offences can be divided into two types:the deviated ray type which is featured by“indifference”and the chain type which is featured by“tacit approval”.Since the connection of the offender’s intent and the commonality of the offender’s act involved in such aiding offences in cyberspace are very weak or even zero,it is difficult to define such offenses as criminal conspiracy.As a result,in the ninth amendment to the criminal law,aiding criminal activities involving the information network(hereinafter referred