贾治辉  孔 熹

（西南政法大学，重庆 401120）

【摘 要】英美法系国家的“法庭科学”发展到现代已经成为涉及法学、医学、物理学、化学、心理学等多学科交叉的一门交叉学科。虽然国内没有正式以“法庭科学”为名称的学科，而只有与之相近的“司法鉴定学”，但是在国家鼓励建设交叉学科和推进以审判为中心诉讼制度改革大背景下，在交叉学科下设立“法庭科学”一级学科的建设条件初步具备。在“以审判为中心”的诉讼活动中，法庭往往需要依程序完成专门性问题的确定，鉴定材料的认定，鉴定人的选任以及对科学证据（鉴定意见）的评价、解释、采信或重新鉴定等活动。其活动本身兼具应用法律与科学证据审查相结合的属性，因而需要裁判者、控辩双方或律师诉讼代理人具有相应的能力。然而，在我国目前的法学、公安技术学专业中，法学与证据科学的专业人才培养是分立的，公安技术一级学科下的各二级学科具有显著的服务于刑事侦查的特征，其学科建设与专业人才培养与审判中心存在显著差距，且在公安技术专业逐步成为公安行业警察院校专办以后，有别于公安技术学科的法学下的法庭科学建设及人才培养形成真空。因此，通过梳理交叉学科视野下的“法庭科学”概念，相近学科的区别以及法治建设的需要，构筑具有我国特色的“法庭科学”学科，对我国的法治建设具有积极意义。

【关键词】法庭科学；学科建设；审判为中心；交叉学科；证据

【中图分类号】D918.9

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2023）01-0079-16

The construction method and path of "forensic science" under the interdisciplinary paradigm. Jia Zhihui, Kong Xi. Law School of Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 401120.

【Abstract】"Forensic science" in common law countries has become an interdisciplinary subject involving law, medicine, physics, chemistry, psychology and other disciplines. There is no subject formally being called "forensic science" in China, but only an analogue called "judicial authentication". However, based on the state's encouragement for the construction of cross-discipline and the reform of the trial-centered litigation system, the preliminary conditions for the establishment of the “forensic science” as the first level discipline under the interdisciplinary subject have been fulfilled. In the proceeding of "trial-centered" litigation, courts often need to complete a series of activities, such as determination of specialized issues, identification of expert materials, selection of expert witnesses, and evaluation, interpretation, acceptance or reappraisal of scientific evidence (expert opinions). The activity itself has the characteristics of "applied law" and "scientific evidence examination" simultaneously, thus, judges, parties of both prosecution and the defense should have the competence thereof. However, in our specialties of law and public security technology, the cultivation of professional talents of law and evidence science is divided. E ach secondary discipline under the first-level science of public security technology obviously serves for criminal investigation, and there is a significant gap between the discipline construction, cultivation of professional talents and the "trial-centered" litigation. With the specialty of public security technology being exclusively responsible by police colleges, the construction of court science and talent training under the discipline of law, which is different from the subject of public security technology, presents a vacuum. Therefore, by combing the concept of "forensic science" from the cross-disciplinary perspective, the differences between similar disciplines and the need of the construction of the rule of law, it is of positive significance to build the discipline of "forensic science" with Chinese characteristics.

【Key Words】Forensic science; Discipline construction; Trial-centered; Inter-discipline; Evidence