唐明月

(南京大学法学院，南京210093)

【摘要】我国拟制自认制度在实践中出现的问题源于对拟制自认行为要件认识不清。“默示解释论”隐含着逻辑漏洞，会导致拟制自认在解释上混淆法律拟制与法律推定，掩盖拟制自认的正当性基础，误导拟制自认“扩张适用论”的解释方向。拟制自认的行为要件是当事人沉默，应当以此为解释的出发点，结合法律拟制的运作机理，确定当事人沉默的程序法意义。当事人就对造所举之事实单纯否认、作出不知或不记忆等陈述对程序推进所产生的负面影响与当事人沉默所产生的程序效果相似，可以被拟制为发生自认的法律效果。在确定拟制自认的内核与外延之后，其构成要件与生效要件应当进行相应的调整。

【关键词】拟制自认;默示;沉默;法律拟制;程序【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1674-1226(2023)06-0721-16

Jurisprudential reflection on fictional admission and its reconstruction.Tang Mingyue.Law School of Nanjing University,Nanjing,210093.

【Abstract】The problems of fictional admission revealed in practice stem from unclear understanding of the components of fictional admission.The logical loopholes contained in the“implication interpretation theory”,can cause confusion in the interpretation of fictional admission between legal presumption and legal fiction,obscure the legitimate basis of fictional admission,and mislead the interpretation of the“extension theory”of fictional admission.The behavior component of fictional admission is the party’s silence.By taking such understanding as the premise of the interpretation and by taking into consideration the operation mechanism of legal fiction,the procedural meaning of party’s silence could be determined.Because the negative impact generated by party’s denial,or by party’s statements of ignorance or lack of recollection,as to the fact presented by the opposing party,is similar to the procedural effect of party’s silence,these negative response can also be treated as fictional admission.As long as the core and extension of fictional admission has been clarified,the components and effective conditions should be adjusted accordingly.

【Key Words】Fictional admission;Implication;Silence;Legal fiction;Procedure